How to Check the Status of the Tunnel’s Phase 1 and 2? - GeeksforGeeks (2024)

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) Tunnel and Transport Modes

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is an important generation for shielding statistics transmitted over IP networks. IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a set of protocols and methods used to steady communications over IP networks along with the Internet. It gives a sturdy framework for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnel

Generic Routing Encapsulation is a method of encapsulation of IP packet in a GRE header which hides the original IP packet. Also a new header named delivery header is added above GRE header which contains new source and destination address. GRE header act as new IP header with Delivery header containing new source and destination address. Only rout

What is an IPsec Tunnel?

IPsec might be a gaggle of protocols that square measure used along to line up encrypted connections between devices. It helps keep knowledge sent over public networks securely. IPsec is typically accustomed-based VPNs, and it works by encrypting scientific discipline packets, at the side of authenticating the supply wherever the packets return fro

What is IPv6 Intra Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)?

ISATAP is a routable tunneling protocol developed by the IETF as an extension to IPv6, used in scenarios where no other encapsulation is available. It uses IPv4 to transmit data packets over the network. IPv6 Intra Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP): It is a tunneling protocol that was developed as an extension to IPv6 by the IETF a

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Phase Diagram

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) was generally invented by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) simply to create and develop a data link protocol for point to point lines that can be helpful in solving many of the problems that are present in SLIP. PPP can operate on different DTE/DCE (Data Terminal Equipment/Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment) phys

Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC) or Parity Check

Vertical Redundancy Check is also known as Parity Check. In this method, a redundant bit also called parity bit is added to each data unit. This method includes even parity and odd parity. Even parity means the total number of 1s in data is to be even and odd parity means the total number of 1s in data is to be odd. Example - If the source wants to

Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC)/2-D Parity Check

Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC) is also known as 2-D parity check. In this method, data which the user want to send is organised into tables of rows and columns. A block of bit is divided into table or matrix of rows and columns. In order to detect an error, a redundant bit is added to the whole block and this block is transmitted to receiver.

How to Check and Delete Incognito History in Google Chrome?

Incognito mode in Google Chrome is a popular feature that allows users to browse the web privately without saving their browsing history. However, many users are curious about whether it's possible to check Incognito history in Google Chrome and how to delete Incognito history in Chrome if necessary. While Incognito mode does not store your browsin

Cyclic Redundancy Check in Python

Prerequisites: Know about Cyclic redundancy, Socket Programming What is CRC? CRC or Cyclic Redundancy Check is a method of detecting accidental changes/errors in the communication channel. CRC uses Generator Polynomial which is available on both sender and receiver sides. An example generator polynomial is of the form of x^3 + 1. This generator pol

What is Frame Check Sequence?

Frame Check Sequence (FCS) refers to extra bits added to the frame for error detection. It is used for HDLC error detection. It is 2 byte or 4-byte field that is used to detect errors in the address field, control field, and information field of frames transmitted across the network. It is used to ensure the data frame is not corrupted by the trans

Tr0ll 3 Walkthrough of Check the Flag or CTF Problem

The CTF or Check the Flag problem is posted on vulnhub.com. VulnHub is a platform which provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the field of information security. Tr0ll 3 is a machine on vulnhub. To Download visit:Troll 3 Machine - Vulnhub Below are the steps for the Vulnhub - Tr0ll 3 Walk-through: Find Ho

Stop and Wait protocol, its problems and solutions

It is the simplest flow control method in which the sender will send the packet and then wait for the acknowledgement by the receiver that it has received the packet then it will send the next packet. Stop and wait protocol is very easy to implement. Total time taken to send is, Ttotal = Tt(data) + Tp + Tq + Tprocess + Tt(ack) + Tp ( since, Tq and

Advantages and Disadvantages of LAN, MAN and WAN

Pre-requisites: Difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN A computer network is a system that connects numerous independent computers in order to share information (data) and resources. In this article, we will see the advantages and disadvantages of LAN, MAN, and WAN. Advantages of LANSimple and reasonable cost: The primary benefit of the local area ne

What are the Maximum Networks and Hosts in a Class A, B and C Network?

Answer: Maximum networks and hosts in a Class A network is 16,777,216 with 16,777,214 hosts per network, Class B network contains 65,534 networks with 65,534 hosts per network, and Class C network 2,097,152 networks with 254 hosts per network.The IP address have different class namely class A, class B, class C, class D and class E. In these classes

Minimum and Maximum Length of the Header in the TCP Segment and the IP Datagram

The minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP segment is 20 Bytes and 60 bytes respectively. The minimum and maximum length of the header in the IP datagram are 20 Bytes and 60 Bytes respectively. What is a TCP Header?The below diagram represents the TCP header. Necessary fields for TCP header 4B Source Port Destination Port 4B Sequence N

What Is a Bait-And-Switch Scam? How it Works and Examples?

Bait and Switch is an unfair sales practice involving trapping customers with an item's attractive preferences and coercing or deceiving them into buying another item that is in large amounts or a more costly one. They influence consumers by claiming to offer relatively low prices and are found in traditional and new media. Such fraudulent activiti

Difference Between Store‑and‑Forward Switching and Cut‑Through Switching

Switching is a technique to transmit data between networks using switches that connect multiple LANs. Switches forward data packets based on MAC addresses, efficiently using bandwidth and reducing collisions. The three main types are: Circuit Switching: Dedicated path for the entire connection, used in traditional telephony.Message Switching: Entir

Difference between Stop and Wait protocol and Sliding Window protocol

Both the Stop and Wait protocol and the Sliding Window protocol are the techniques to the solution of flow control handling. The main difference between the Stop-and-wait protocol and the Sliding window protocol is that in the Stop-and-Wait Protocol, the sender sends one frame and waits for acknowledgment from the receiver whereas in the sliding wi

Difference between sh and bash

bash and sh are two different shells of the Unix operating system. bash is sh, but with more features and better syntax. Bash is “Bourne Again SHell”, and is an improvement of the sh (original Bourne shell). Shell scripting is scripting in any shell, whereas Bash scripting is scripting specifically for Bash. sh is a shell command-line interpreter o

Difference between Ping and Traceroute

In computer networks, data is sent in small blocks known as packets. Each packet is transmitted individually and may also follow a different route to reach the destination. Once all these packets of the original message reach the destination, they are re-assembled to form the original message. But, sometimes, it may happen that the webserver is dow

How to Determine the Optimal MTU and MSS Size?

Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) is the most important protocol of the internet protocol suite. TCP is basically a connection-oriented protocol that is concerned with error control, flow control, and congestion control in the network to maintain the integrity of the data and make data transmission easier. TCP makes use of MTU (Maximum Transmissio

Difference between RFID and Barcode

1. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) : It is an acronym for “radio-frequency identification” and refers to science whereby digital data encoded in RFID tags or smart labels are captured with aid of a reader by radio waves. In RFID data from a tag or label are captured via a gadget that stores data in a database. RFID, however, has quite a few b

Know your public and private IP addresses

You might have used ifconfig command on your linux terminal to know different network configurations of your system. ifconfig command shows hardware address(HWaddr) and network address(inet addr) for Ethernet or your wifi connection. ifconfig command don't show your public IP address(if public and private are different). For that purpose, you can s

Difference between Tree Topology and Bus Topology

1. Tree Topology: Tree topology is a type of network topology in which the nodes are arranged in the design of a tree. In tree topology, branching cable starts from the node at the head top known as the root node. The branching cable having no loops connect the root with all other nodes in hierarchical manner for communication. Tree topology is mor

Difference between CloudMe and Wuala

1. CloudMe : CloudMe is a file storage service which is provided by CloudMe AB. It provides file synchronization, cloud storage and client software. It was founded by Daniel Arthursson in 2011. Initially it was named iCloud but later Apple acquired that name. It offers 3 GB free storage space. It provides limited storage space for premium accounts.

Difference between Component and Object

1. Component : A component is a collection of objects that furnish a set of offerings to different systems. They have many elements in frequent with objects.Components can also be run both locally or in a distributed fashion. Many examples of locally run components exist and are oftentimes used to supply precise performance to exterior programs.Com

C Program to display hostname and IP address

Method 1: There are many ways to find Hostname and IP address of a local machine. Here is a simple method to find hostname and IP address using C program. We will be using the following functions :- gethostname() : The gethostname function retrieves the standard host name for the local computer. gethostbyname() : The gethostbyname function retrieve

Fixed and Flooding Routing algorithms

In most situations, packets require multiple hops to make a journey towards the destination. Routing is one of the most complex and crucial aspects of packet-switched network design. Desirable Properties of Routing Algorithms:- Correctness and SimplicityRobustness: Ability of the network to deliver packets via some route even in the face of failure

Maximum Data Rate (channel capacity) for Noiseless and Noisy channels

As early as 1924, an AT&T engineer, Henry Nyquist, realized that even a perfect channel has a finite transmission capacity. He derived an equation expressing the maximum data rate for a finite-bandwidth noiseless channel. In 1948, Claude Shannon carried Nyquist's work further and extended to it the case of a channel subject to random(that is, t