How Does Spanish Use Upside-Down Punctuation? (2024)

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Inverted punctuation not always placed at beginning of sentence

How Does Spanish Use Upside-Down Punctuation? (1)

Spanish

  • Writing Skills
    • Pronunciation
    • Vocabulary
    • Grammar

    By

    Gerald Erichsen

    Gerald Erichsen

    Spanish Language Expert

    • B.A., Seattle Pacific University

    Gerald Erichsen is a Spanish language expert who has created Spanish lessons for ThoughtCo since 1998.

    Learn about ourEditorial Process

    Updated on October 28, 2019

    The upside-down or inverted question marks and exclamation points of Spanish are unique to the languages of Spain. But they make a lot of sense: When you're reading in Spanish, you can tell long before the end of a sentence whether you're dealing with a question, something that isn't always obvious when a sentence doesn't start with a question word such as qué (what) or quién (who).

    Where To Place Upside-Down Question Marks

    The important thing to rememberis that the inverted question mark (or exclamation) goes at the beginning part of the question (or exclamation), not at the beginning of the sentence if the two are different. See these examples:

    • Pablo, ¿adónde vas? (Pablo, where are you going?)
    • Quiero saber, ¿cuándo es tu cumpleaños?(I want to know, when is your birthday?)
    • Estoy cansado, ¿y tú? (I'm tired, are you?)
    • Eso, ¿es verdad? (That, is it true?)
    • Sin embargo, ¡tengo frío! (Nevertheless, I'm cold!)
    • Pues, ¡llegó la hora! (Well, it's about time!)

    Note that the question or exclamation part does not begin with a capitalized letter unless it's a word that would normally be capitalized, such as a person's name. Note also that if words not part of the question come after the question, then the closing question mark still comes at the end:

    • ¿Adónde vas, Pablo?(Where are you going, Pablo?)
    • Pablo, ¿adónde vas, mi amigo?(Pablo, where are you going, my friend?)
    • ¡Eres la mejor, Angelina! (You're the best, Angelina!)

    Although it is common to treat the inverted punctuation as optional in informal contexts, such as on social media, it is mandatory in standard written Spanish.

    Question and Exclamation Marks Can Be Combined

    If a sentence is a question and an exclamation at the same time, something for which the English language has no good written equivalent, it is possible to combine the question and exclamation marks. One way is to place the inverted question mark at the beginning of the sentence and the standard exclamation mark at the end or vice versa. More common, and the preference of the Royal Spanish Academy, is to place the punctuation marks next to each other as in the third and fourth examples below:

    • ¿Cómo lo hace! (How does she do it? To translate the Spanish well, this might be said in an incredulous tone. An alternate translation might be "I don't see how she does it!")
    • ¡Me quieres? (You love me? The punctuation may indicate a lack of belief in what is being responded to.)
    • ¡¿Qué veste?! (What are you seeing? The tone of voice may suggest "What in the world do you see?")
    • ¿¡Qué estás diciendo!? (What are you saying? The tone of voice may indicate disbelief.)

    To indicate an extremely strong exclamation, it is acceptable, unlike in standard English, to use two or three exclamation points but not more:

    • ¡¡¡Idiota!!! (Idiot!)
    • Es imposible. ¡¡¡No lo creo.!!! (It's impossible. I can't believe it!)

    Word Order in Questions

    Most questions begin with aninterrogative pronounsuch asquéor an interrogative adverb such ascómo. In nearly all such cases, the opening question word is followed by the verb and then the subject, which will be a noun or pronoun. Of course, it is common to omit the subject if it isn't needed for clarity.

    • ¿Dónde jugarían los niños? (Where would the children play? Dónde is the interrogative adverb, jugarían is the verb, and the subject is niños.)
    • ¿Qué significa tu nombre? (What does your name mean?)
    • ¿Cómo comen los insectos? (How do insects eat?)

    If the verb has an direct object and the subject is not stated, the object typically comes before the verb if it would in the equivalent English sentence:

    • ¿Cuántos insectos comió la araña? (How many insects did the spider eat? Insectos is the direct object of comió.)
    • ¿Qué tipo de celular prefieres? (Which type of cellphone do you prefer? Tipo de celular is the direct object of prefieres.)
    • ¿Dónde venden ropa guatemalteca? (Where do they sell Guatemalan clothing. Ropa guatemalteca is the direct object of venden.)

    If the question has a stated subject and an object, it is common to use a verb-object-subject word order if the object is shorter than the subject and a verb-subject-object order if the subject is shorter. If they're of similar length, either order is acceptable.

    • ¿Dónde venden ropa los mejores diseñadores de moda? (Do the best fashion designers sell clothing? The subject, los mejores diseñadores de moda, is much longer than the object, ropa.)
    • ¿Dónde compran los estudiantes los libros de química farmacéutica? (Where do the students buy the pharmaceutical chemistry books? The subject, los estudiantes, is shorter than the object, los libros de química farmacéutica.)

    Key Takeaways

    • Spanish uses inverted question and exclamation marks to begin and end questions and exclamations, respectively.
    • If a sentence has an introductory phrase or word that is not part of the question or exclamation, the opening mark comes at the beginning of the question or exclamation.
    • Question and exclamation marks can be combined for exclamatory questions or exclamations that take the form of a question.

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    Your Citation

    Erichsen, Gerald. "How Does Spanish Use Upside-Down Question and Exclamation Marks?" ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/upside-down-punctuation-in-spanish-3080317.Erichsen, Gerald. (2023, April 5). How Does Spanish Use Upside-Down Question and Exclamation Marks? Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/upside-down-punctuation-in-spanish-3080317Erichsen, Gerald. "How Does Spanish Use Upside-Down Question and Exclamation Marks?" ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/upside-down-punctuation-in-spanish-3080317 (accessed September 14, 2024).

    How Does Spanish Use Upside-Down Punctuation? (2024)

    FAQs

    How Does Spanish Use Upside-Down Punctuation? ›

    Inverted punctuation is a feature of Spanish that exists to mark the beginning of an interrogative or exclamatory sentence or clause. Essentially, the clause is book-ended by an upside down question mark or exclamation mark at the beginning, followed by a standard punctuation mark at the end.

    Why do Spanish use upside down punctuation? ›

    While it may seem unnecessary to speakers of other languages, the upside-down question mark in Spanish is used for clarification. This is especially useful for long questions or questions that are interrogatory simply due to inflection.

    Why does Spanish use two punctuation marks? ›

    Why does Spanish use double punctuation? The Spanish languages use double punctuation to mark the beginning and end of an exclamative or interrogative sentence.

    How do you use inverted commas in Spanish? ›

    Punctuation Goes Outside Quotation Marks

    Whereas in American English, commas and periods go inside the quotation marks, in Spanish, they always go outside. No matter whether you use quotation marks (double or angular) instead of long dashes, you must apply this rule. Spanish: “No me gusta su gato”, dijo Pedro.

    What is upside down question mark on Spanish keyboard? ›

    The one at the beginning (¿) is typed, in a keyboard set in the Spanish language (for Spain), by “shift” + the key pertaining to the admiration mark at the beginning of a sentence (¡), and it is second right after the zero (0) key on the numbers row.

    What is the reverse punctuation in Spanish? ›

    The upside-down (also inverted, turned or rotated) question mark ¿ and exclamation mark ¡ are punctuation marks used to begin interrogative and exclamatory sentences or clauses in Spanish and some languages that have cultural ties with Spain, such as Asturian and Waray.

    How is punctuation used in Spanish? ›

    As a general rule, punctuation marks in Spanish are written right next to the previous word and are separated from the following word by a space, for example with the comma or period.

    What is the upside down exclamation point in Gracias? ›

    In Spanish, the upside-down exclamation point (¡) is used at the beginning of all exclamatory sentences and clauses.

    What is the upside down question mark called? ›

    Introduction to the Inverted Question Mark

    The upside down question mark (¿), also known as the inverted or Spanish question mark, is used in Spanish at the beginning of a sentence or clause that asks a question or expresses doubt. A normal question mark goes at the end of the sentence or clause.

    Is it grammatically correct to use two punctuation marks? ›

    You should never use more than one ending punctuation mark in a row (period, question mark exclamation point). When quoting a question, you would end with a question mark, not a question mark and a period: Carlos leaned forward and asked, “Did you get the answer to number six?”

    Why does Spanish not use quotation marks? ›

    The choice is primarily a matter of regional custom or the capabilities of the typesetting system. Quotation marks are used in a way that is not much different from the use of quotation marks in English. Periods, commas, colons and semicolons are always written outside of quotation marks in Spanish.

    Which punctuation mark is not used in Spanish? ›

    For example, Spanish speakers don't use the Oxford comma, which means that when listing things, we don't place a comma between the second-to-last list item and the conjunction y or o.

    What are the rules for inverted commas? ›

    Using inverted commas

    When you are writing, inverted commas or speech marks go before and after direct speech, surrounding what was said. For example: "I'm hungry," she complained. If another character replies, use another set of inverted commas.

    Why does Spanish use two question marks? ›

    Answer and Explanation:

    This is basically a visual aid to help the reader identify when a question begins. Unlike English, in Spanish questions don't have specific structures or auxiliaries that make them different from affirmative statements. For instance, compare these two pairs of phrases: Me ayudas.

    What are the accent marks in Spanish? ›

    They come in three different categories: the diaeresis (ü), the tilde (ñ), and the acute accent (é, á, í, ó, and ú). Spanish accent marks change the pronunciation of the letter they're attached to. They're placed at the top of certain letters and have three primary functions.

    Why do you use accent marks in Spanish? ›

    They're placed at the top of certain letters and have three primary functions. Spanish accents signify questions, help distinguish words with identical spelling, and provide guidance on which syllable of the word needs to be stressed when spoken.

    What is the inverted word order in Spanish? ›

    Subject-verb inversion is the preferred method to ask yes/no questions in Spanish, because the inversion tells you it is a question and not a statement. Without inversion, the listener has to rely on the speaker's intonation to know that it's a question or on the question marks when writing.

    Why inverted commas are upside down? ›

    Why are my inverted commas upside down? - Quora. It appears at the bottom of the text line rather than the top. Why? The most likely answer is that you have applied a language that uses this type of quotation marks.

    What is an upside down exclamation point called? ›

    Answer and Explanation:

    The upside-down or inverted exclamation mark (¡), also known as exclamation point in American English, is an exclusive feature of the Spanish language. In Spanish, this is called signo de exclamación, which is pronounced /SEEG-noh deh eks-klah-mah-SYOHN/, and it is a masculine noun phrase.

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