Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a given solute in its solution. The chemist can do it simply by mixing with more solvent. For example, we can add water to the concentrated orange juice to dilute it until it reaches a concentration that will be pleasant to drink. Also, dilution refers to a drop in the pH of a chemical which may be a gas, vapor, or solution. In this topic, the student will learn and understand the Dilution Formula with examples. Let us learn this interesting concept!
Dilution Formula
Concept of Dilution:
Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in the solution by adding more solvent. To dilute a solution, we add more solvent without the addition of more solute. Then we mix the resulting solution thoroughly to ensure that all parts of the solution should be even.
For example, if 10 grams of salt are dissolved in 1 liter of water as a solvent, then it has a particular salt concentration. Then by adding 1 liter of water more to this solution, the salt concentration is reduced. But, the dilute solution still has 10 grams of salt.
Concentrating on the solutions involves removing the solvent gradually. Normally this is done by evaporating or boiling the solution with the assumption that the heat of boiling does not affect the solute. The dilution equation will be used in these circ*mstances as well.
The Formula for Dilution:
In both the dilution and concentration processes, the amount of solute stays the same. As a result, this gives us a way to calculate what the new solution volume must be to get the desired concentration of the solute. From the definition of the molarity we know,
molarity = \(\frac {moles of solute} { liters of solution}\)
Then we may solve for the number of moles of solute as:
moles of solute = \((molarity) \times (liters of solution)\)
We represent the molarity by M and volume of solution by V. Therefore, the equation becomes
moles of solute = M V
Since this quantity does not change before and after the change of concentration. Therefore the product MV must be the same before and after the concentration change. Using numbers to represent the initial and final conditions, we will get the dilution equation:
\(M_1 V_1 = M_2 V_2\)
Here, the volumes must be expressed in the same units. Also, this equation gives only the initial and final conditions, not the amount of the change. We may find the amount of change by subtraction.
Where,
| \(M_1\) | the molarity of the original solution |
| \(V_1\) | the volume of the original solution |
| \(M_2\) | the molarity of the diluted solution |
| \(V_2\) | the volume of the diluted solution |
Solved Examples
Q.1: One chemist needs 1.5 M hydrochloric acid for some reaction. The solution is available in 6 M of the HCl. What will be the volume of 6M HCl for dilution to get 5 L of 1.5 M HCl?
Solution: We have,
Initial concentration of HCl i.e. \(M_1\) = 6 M
Final concentration of HCl i.e. \(M_2\) = 1.5 M
Final volume of solution as needed, \(V_2\) = 5 L
So, initial volume \(V_1\) needs to be found, as:
\(M_1 V_1 = M_2 V_2\)
Substituting the values, we get
\(V_1\) = \(\frac {1.5 \times 5.0} { 6 }\)
= 1.3 L
Thus volume of 6M HCl will be 1.3 L.
FAQs
To dilute a solution, we add more solvent without the addition of more solute. Then we mix the resulting solution thoroughly to ensure that all parts of the solution should be even. For example, if 10 grams of salt are dissolved in 1 liter of water as a solvent, then it has a particular salt concentration.
What is the formula for the dilution concept? ›
To dilute a stock solution, the following dilution equation is used: M1 V1 = M2 V2. M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the concentrated stock solution, and M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the diluted solution you want to make.
What is the meaning of dilute formula? ›
Dilution refers to a drop in the pH of a chemical which can be a gas, vapour or solution. It involves the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in the solution normally by mixing with the solvent. To dilute a solution add more solvent without the addition of more solute.
What is the formula for dilution factor with example? ›
Numbers are used to denote the initial and final conditions. Therefore, M1V1 = M2V2 is a dilution equation, the volumes must be measured in the same units. Here, M1 is the initial concentration or molarity, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration or molarity, and V2 is the final volume.
How do you explain dilutions? ›
Dilution is the process of adding a solvent to a solution to reduce the concentration of the solute. Concentration is the process of removing solvent from a solution in order to raise the concentration of the solute in the solution.
What is an example of a dilution? ›
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a given solute in its solution. The chemist can do it simply by mixing with more solvent. For example, we can add water to the concentrated orange juice to dilute it until it reaches a concentration that will be pleasant to drink.
What is the principle of dilution method? ›
Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute.
What does diluting formula do? ›
Adding extra water to formula or giving juices reduces the about of nutrients baby will receive. This can slow growth and development. Extra water also disturbs electrolyte and mineral balances such as calcium, sodium and potassium. This can lead to major health problems, including seizures.
What are the different types of dilutions? ›
There are 2 main types of dilutions: simple and serial.
What is the ratio of dilution formula? ›
The Dilution Ratio Calculation Formula
The procedure is straightforward: add the two numbers together and divide the total volume by that sum. For example, if your dilution ratio is 10 to 1 and you want to fill a 12-ounce bottle, you would add 10 and 1 to get 11.
Equity dilution can be calculated using the following formula: Dilution = Number of Existing Shares / (Total Number of Existing Shares + Number of New Shares Added)
What is an example of a dilution rate? ›
The dilution rate is usually indicated as a ratio of chemical to water, for example 1:32. In this example it means the ideal dilution ratio of the product is 1 part chemical concentrate to 32 parts water…
What is the best description of dilution? ›
Dilution is the reduction in shareholders' equity positions due to the issuance or creation of new shares. Dilution also reduces a company's earnings per share (EPS), which can have a negative impact on share prices.
What is a dilution factor for dummies? ›
The formula for dilution factor (or DF for short) is as follows: DF = (final volume of cells + stain)/(initial volume of cells). For example, If you mix your sample 1:1 with AO/PI, you'll need to add 20 uL AO/PI to 20 uL cells, for a total of 40 uL. So, DF = ( 40 uL)/(20uL cells) = 2.
How does dilution work? ›
Equity dilution occurs when a company issues new shares to investors and when holders of stock options exercise their right to purchase stock. With more shares in the hands of more people, each existing holder of common stock owns a smaller or diluted percentage of the company.
How do you calculate a dilution? ›
To make a fixed amount of a dilute solution from a stock solution, you can use the formula: C1V1 = C2V2 where: V1 = Volume of stock solution needed to make the new solution. C1 = Concentration of stock solution. V2 = Final volume of new solution.
What is the formula for the law of dilution? ›
Answer: Ostwald's dilution law states that “The degree of dissociation of a weak electrolyte is inversely proportional to the square root of molar concentration or directly proportional to the square root of volume holding one mole of the solute for a weak electrolyte.” Its mathematical formula is Ka=a²C/(1-a).
What is the formula for dilution rate? ›
Dilution rate (D) = flow rate (f) divided by culture volume (V). Critical dilution rate (Dc) occurs when specific growth rate is maximal and any increase in flow rate will result in wash-out of the culture.
