Apple cannot and does not verify the information. The bank sends the verification request and uses the information they have on file. The short answer is the bank or the verification service the bank uses (usually Visa, Mastercard etc.) has the wrong phone number. Call the bank, using the phone number on the back of the card. Do not call a local branch. Local branches are almost always never familiar with how Apple Pay works. The card issuer may need to contact their third party verification service or Payment Network (Visa, Mastercard) to get the number updated. It may take several days for the Payment network to update their systems and for everything to sync up on the banks end.
It’s not uncommon for the bank to have the correct number, but the verification service has an old number. The long answer is below and is from the Apple white paper on Apple Pay.
Adding additional verification
>>A card issuer can decide whether a credit or debit card requires additional verification. Depending on what’s offered by the card issuer, the user may be able to choose between different options for additional verification, such as a text message, email, customer service call or a method in an approved third-party app to complete the verification. For text messages or email, the user selects from contact information the issuer has on file. A code is sent, which must be entered into Apple Wallet, Settings or the Apple Watch app. For customer service or verification using an app, the issuer performs their own communication process.<<
