Words Matter: Using Humanizing Language (2024)

Words Matter: Using Humanizing Language

Words Matter: Using Humanizing Language (2)

Today, there are approximately two million people incarcerated in the United States’ jail and prison system. People with criminal justice histories are referred to in an array of dehumanizing labels, such as “inmates,” “criminals,” “prisoners,” “convicts,” “delinquents,” “felons,” and “offenders.” Even after people complete their sentence of incarceration and return to the community, oftentimes these labels follow. Terms like “ex-inmates,” “ex-prisoners,” “ex-convicts,” “ex-felons,” and “ex-offenders” are used to categorize and stigmatize people affected by the criminal justice system.

Dehumanizing labels stereotype and marginalize people rather than support them while they rebuild their lives. Individuals with justice system involvement are not defined by their conviction history. The words we use to reference people should reflect their full identities, and acknowledge their capacity to change and grow.

Be mindful of how you speak about The Fortune Society’s mission, the people we serve, our dedicated staff, and board members. We encourage you to use humanizing language—your example will inspire others.

WORDS TO AVOID
PHRASES TO USE INSTEAD
Offender, Inmate, Felon, Criminal, Convict, Prisoner, DelinquentPerson or individual with justice system involvement; Person or individual impacted by the justice system; Person or individual affected by the justice system
Ex-offender, Ex-con, Ex-Offender, Ex-PrisonerPerson or individual with prior justice system involvement; Person or individual previously incarcerated; Person or individual with justice history
Parolee, Probationer, DetaineePerson or individual on parole; Person or individual currently under parole supervision; Person or individual on probation; Person or individual in detention
Juvenile Offender, Juvenile DelinquentYoung person with justice system involvement; Young adult impacted by the justice system
Sex OffenderPerson or individual with sex offense conviction(s); Person previously convicted of a sex offense(s)
Mentally IllPerson or individual with mental health needs; Person or individual in need of/currently receiving mental health services
HomelessPerson currently or previously experiencing homelessness
HIV/AIDS patient; Infected with HIV/AIDSPerson or individual living with HIV; Person or individual living with AIDS
Addict; Substance AbuserPerson with a history of substance use

Download this chart in .pdf formathere.

Additional Resources

The Fortune Society’s “WORDS MATTER” guide

“We Are More Than A Label” humanizing versus stigmatizing language zine

An Open Letter to our Friends on the Question of Language,” from The Center For NuLeadership on Urban Solutions

Language Guide for Communicating About Those Involved In The Carceral System, from Underground Scholars

Labels Like ‘Felon’ Are an Unfair Life Sentence,” a New York Times Editorial

The following two episodes of our monthly television program, Both Sides of the Bars, provide further insight on the impact that humanizing language has on individuals with justice involvement.

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Words Matter: Using Humanizing Language (2024)

FAQs

What words do we use and avoid when covering people and incarceration? ›

Words Matter: Using Humanizing Language
WORDS TO AVOIDPHRASES TO USE INSTEAD
Offender, Inmate, Felon, Criminal, Convict, Prisoner, DelinquentPerson or individual with justice system involvement; Person or individual impacted by the justice system; Person or individual affected by the justice system
8 more rows

What is humanizing language for inmates? ›

Avoid correctional labels such as inmate, offender, prisoner, felon, convict, criminal. For the youth population, avoid terms such as juvenile, juvenile offender, and minor. Preferred terms are youth, adolescent, child, and young adult, as appropriate.

Is the word "inmate" offensive? ›

Among the articles is one by Lawrence Bartley, who said that hearing officers use the term “inmate” as an insult or condescendingly made him commit to calling those incarcerated by their names. “Words like “inmate,” “prisoner,” “convict,” “felon” and “offender” are like brands.

What is person centered language in corrections? ›

In the case of the criminal justice system, person-first language is as simple as “a person with a felony conviction” rather than “a felon.” Words like felon, convict, inmate, and bodies are used extensively by correctional systems, journalists, and the public at large.

What is the inclusive language for incarcerated people? ›

We, along with many other organizations, recommend using their name or describing the person as “person who is incarcerated,” “a person behind bars” or “individual.” Some incarcerated and formerly incarcerated writers prefer terms like “prisoner” over others.

What are the four principles of incarceration? ›

To sentence offenders, judges consider four pillars namely retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence, and incapacitation.

What is a humanizing language? ›

Humanizing language is a language that is used to implement words that are degrading and are used to potentially implement an action that is negative.

What is an example of inmate manipulation? ›

The inmate will say things like “You're more like us than them.” This builds a subtle, but false level of trust between the inmates and the officer. Manipulative inmates want to appear trustworthy so the correctional officer turns to the inmate for support, rather than the officer's peers.

What are the five elements of the inmate code? ›

Never rat on an inmate, don't be nosy, don't have loose lips, and never put an inmate on the spot. Don't Fight With Other Inmates. Don't lose your head; do your own time. Don't Exploit Inmates.

What is the new name for inmates? ›

(AP) — New York has amended several state laws to remove the word “inmate” and replace it with “incarcerated person” to refer to people serving prison time. The changes, signed into law Monday by Gov. Kathy Hochul, are intended to reduce the stigma of being in jail.

What is the politically correct way to say prisoners? ›

Incarcerated Person: A person confined to a jail or prison. Formerly Incarcerated Person: A person who has been in a carceral setting. Examples of carceral settings are prisons, immigration detention centers, local jails, and juvenile detention centers.

What is the negative connotation of inmate? ›

In the prison context, calling someone an inmate, for example, can be akin to calling them a “snitch” or an informant. And calling someone a prisoner, when the person feels that they are, in fact, a convict, can be an insult too, though certainly not as bad as calling them an inmate.

What is inmate language? ›

Criminal cant is similar to argot except that it is a temporary form of language that changes quickly. Other forms of language in correctional institutions include idiom, slang, acronyms, abbreviations, metaphors, similes, jargon, private languages, and patois. Corrections is a communication-intensive profession.

What are examples of person-centered language? ›

Person-centered language focuses on the individual and their experience, emphasizing that things happen to a person, not that they have defined or created the situation themselves (e.g., slaves v. enslaved persons, diabetics v. persons living with diabetes).

What is human centered language? ›

Person-centered language is language that puts people first. People are so much more than their substance use disorder, mental illness, or disability. Using person-centered language is about respecting the dignity, worth, unique qualities and strengths of every individual.

What are 5 ways you can encourage or support someone who is incarcerated in jail? ›

  • Suggestion #1: Send Money if Possible. ...
  • Suggestion #2: Answer Your Loved One's Phone Calls. ...
  • Suggestion #3: Write Letters to a Loved One in Prison. ...
  • Suggestion #4: Visit Your Loved One in Prison. ...
  • Suggestion #5: Visit Your Loved One's Friends in Prison. ...
  • Suggestion #6: Communicate Positive Messages to Your Loved One in Prison.
Feb 14, 2018

What is the word for putting people in jail? ›

Definitions of incarcerate. verb. lock up or confine, in or as in a jail. synonyms: gaol, immure, imprison, jail, jug, lag, put away, put behind bars, remand. type of: confine, detain.

What do you talk about with an incarcerated person? ›

Your incarcerated loved one wants to feel connected with you and with what is going on in your life. Talking about things like good grades in school, promotions at work, who is dating who, engagements, marriages, babies, etc. will help your inmate catch up with what is going on in your life.

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