Why Do Banks Share Your Financial Information and Are They Allowed To? (2024)

Posted on December 09, 2020

In a word: yes.

If you’ve ever applied for a loan, you know that banks and credit unions collect a lot of personal financial information from you, such as your income and credit history. And it’s not uncommon for lenders to then share your information with other vendors, such as insurance companies after the loan is finalized. But why do banks and credit unions share your information and what protections are available to consumers to ensure their privacy?

Today’s WatchBlog explores ournew reporton this issue. You can also tune in to our new podcast with GAO consumer protection and privacy experts Alicia Puente Cackley and Nick Marinos to learn more.

Transcript

What types of information do banks collect and why?

Banks and credit unions collect and use many types of personal information to conduct everyday business activities and to market products and services. The information banks collect may be used to create bank statements, monitor for fraud, and determine credit eligibility.

Banks and credit unions also gather information about consumers’ online activities. This information may not identify an individual, but can be used for marketing. For example, when consumers access a financial institution’s website and use mobile or online services, banks and credit unions collect information about their social media and browsing activities, type of computer or mobile device, and network address. Banks mainly use this information to ensure their websites function properly, detect and prevent fraud, and per ourreport, to tailor advertisem*nts.

Why do banks share your information?

The personal information banks collect and share helps them approve customers for services like loans and set up accounts. But it is also helps them and their marketing partners determine whether they should offer other products and services. Banks share information with various types of third-party vendors including:

  • financial companies like mortgage bankers, securities brokers-dealers, and insurance agents;
  • retailers (for example, home improvement stores), magazine publishers, airline companies, and direct marketers;
  • companies that deliver services on behalf of the lender (for example, mortgage servicers), and government agencies and nonprofits.

Why Do Banks Share Your Financial Information and Are They Allowed To? (1)

Are they allowed to share your information?

Again, the answer is yes. But, banks and credit unions are also required to have processes in place to protect the personal information they collect, use, and share with third parties. Also, customers can opt out of having their information shared under certain conditions. The primary law that governs how financial institutions can use or share personal information about consumers is the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. This law prohibits a financial institution from disclosing a consumer’s nonpublic personal information like your Social Security number, income, and outstanding debt to companies that are not related to the financial institution. Consumers have the right to opt out of some, but not all, sharing of their personal information. There are exceptions. For example, banks don’t have to let you opt out when transferring your information to their loan servicer.

To learn more about this topic and consumer protections, check outour report.And to learn more about our portfolio of work on this topic check out our key issues page onConsumer Financial Protections.

Topics

Business Regulation and Consumer Protection

Information Security

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Consumer protection

Consumer protection laws

Cybersecurity

Banking

Banking law

Financial Markets and Community Investment

Information Technology and Cybersecurity

GAO Contacts

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Related Products

Consumer Privacy: Better Disclosures Needed on Information Sharing by Banks and Credit Unions

GAO-21-36

Published: Oct 22, 2020

Publicly Released: Nov 23, 2020

Why Do Banks Share Your Financial Information and Are They Allowed To? (7)

GAO's mission is to provide Congress with fact-based, nonpartisan information that can help improve federal government performance and ensure accountability for the benefit of the American people. GAO launched its WatchBlog in January, 2014, as part of its continuing effort to reach its audiences—Congress and the American people—where they are currently looking for information.

The blog format allows GAO to provide a little more context about its work than it can offer on its other social media platforms. Posts will tie GAO work to current events and the news; show how GAO’s work is affecting agencies or legislation; highlight reports, testimonies, and issue areas where GAO does work; and provide information about GAO itself, among other things.

Please send any feedback on GAO's WatchBlog to [email protected].

Why Do Banks Share Your Financial Information and Are They Allowed To? (2024)

FAQs

Why Do Banks Share Your Financial Information and Are They Allowed To? ›

Financial institutions collect and use many types of personal information to conduct everyday business activities and to market products and services. This information can then be used to create bank statements, monitor for fraud and determine credit eligibility.

Why do banks share your financial information and are they allowed to? ›

The information banks collect may be used to create bank statements, monitor for fraud, and determine credit eligibility. Banks and credit unions also gather information about consumers' online activities. This information may not identify an individual, but can be used for marketing.

Is a bank allowed to give out personal information? ›

Prohibition on sharing account numbers: The privacy rule prohibits a bank from disclosing an account number or access code for credit card, deposit, or transaction accounts to any nonaffiliated third party for use in marketing.

Can I refuse to give my bank statement? ›

You don't have to show your bank statement to anyone. It is none of their business. Just tell them that you don't have a bank statement and you don't appreciate being asked to see one.

Why do banks need financial information? ›

Getting Financing from Banks and Other Lenders

Lenders want to be confident that you'll be able to repay your loans and debt. They will scrutinize your financial statements to ensure you have enough profitability and cash flow to meet your repayments.

Can you sue a bank for disclosing personal information? ›

What if you think your privacy rights were violated? You can make a complaint under the California law to the California Attorney General or to a state or federal agency that regulates financial companies. The agency may investigate your complaint and may take action against the financial company.

Is it OK to share bank information? ›

Generally, it isn't safe to share your bank account information, including your routing number, with anyone you don't know.

Why do banks want to know your income? ›

In part, they want to make sure cardholders won't fall behind on payments. Additionally, federal regulations require card issuers to assess cardholders' ability to pay when offering them a new card or increasing their credit limit.

Do banks watch your account? ›

All federally-regulated banks are required by law to report major money transactions to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or FinCEN, which is a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

Can banks ask where your money comes from? ›

Banks may ask where the money in your account comes from or how you plan to use it.

Can a bank refuse to give you your money? ›

Yes. Your bank may hold the funds according to its funds availability policy. Or it may have placed an exception hold on the deposit.

How do I stop a bank from sending me statements? ›

Change how you get statements
  1. Log into the Internet Bank.
  2. Manage my details & settings (hover)
  3. Select 'Go Paperless'
  4. My Statements settings section.
  5. Click on 'Change'
  6. 'My accounts that can go paperless' - select 'Online statements' or 'Paper statements'
  7. Select 'Update statement settings'

Can I ask my bank to decline a charge? ›

Contact your credit card issuer

You can only dispute charges that have already been posted. If you prefer not to submit a dispute online, you may do so in writing, or by calling customer service and disputing the charge over the phone.

Why are banks asking for personal information? ›

When you call your bank to ask a question or to perform banking transactions, the bank employee on the other end of the phone may ask you some personal details to confirm your identity. This is because the employee needs to verify you are who you say you are before proceeding with any actions related to your accounts.

Why do banks ask for personal financial statements? ›

The statement also allows credit officers to easily gain perspective into an applicant's financial situation to make an informed credit decision. The individual or couple may be asked to provide a personal guarantee for part of the loan in many cases or they may be required to put up collateral to secure the loan.

Do banks share information with the government? ›

Not withstanding the restrictions upon disclosure of financial records by financial institutions or state law, institutions are permitted to notify government authorities of possible violations of law reflected in records within the custody of the institution. 12 U.S.C.

What are the laws for bank confidentiality? ›

The Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 protects the confidentiality of personal financial records by creating a statutory Fourth Amendment protection for bank records.

What bank details should not be shared? ›

Don't share your personal information like Debit card details/PIN/CVV/OTP/Card Expiry Date/UPI PIN, over phone mails/e mail/SMS to anyone even though some one pretending to be bank officials. Your bank never asks for such details to customers. Don't click on unknown links sent to you through SMS/emails.

What information should I not share about my bank account? ›

Never give out bank account details, routing number, account number, to anyone you don't absolutely trust and have verified. If someone calls you and wants your numbers, call them back for verification, ask probing questions, is it someone you know and expect to provide information to…..

Who can access your bank account legally? ›

Only the account holder has the right to access their bank account. If you have a joint bank account, you both own the account and have access to the funds. But in the case of a personal bank account, your spouse has no legal right to access it.

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