Whole Loan: What It Is, How It Works, Example (2024)

What Is a Whole Loan?

A whole loan is a single loan issued to a borrower. Lenders of whole loans often sell them in the secondary market to institutional portfolio managers and agencies, such as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Lenders sell their whole loans to reduce their risk. Rather than keeping a loan on their books for 15 or 30 years, by selling the whole loan to an institutional buyer, the lender can almost immediately recoup the principal.

Key Takeaways

  • A whole loan is a single loan issued to a borrower.
  • Whole loan lenders may sell their whole loans on the secondary market to reduce their risk.
  • Instead of holding a loan for 15 or 30 years, the lender can recoup the principal almost immediately by selling it to an institutional buyer, such as Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae.

Understanding Whole Loans

Whole loans are issued by lenders to borrowers for multiple purposes. A lender may issue a personal loan or a mortgage loan to a borrower with specified terms determined by the credit issuer following the underwriting process. Generally, whole loans are held on a lender’s balance sheet, and the lender is responsible for servicing the loan.

Selling whole loans in the secondary market allows a lender to generate cash that it can use to make more whole loans, which generate more cash from closing costs paid by borrowers.

How Do Lenders Use a Whole Loan?

Many lenders choose to package and sell their whole loans in the secondary market, which allows for active trading and market liquidity. Various buyers are available for different types of loans in the secondary market. The mortgage market has one of the most well-established whole loan secondary markets, with agencies like Fannie Mae serving as whole loan buyers. Whole loans are often packaged and sold in the secondary market through a process called securitization. They may also be individually traded through institutional loan trading groups.

The whole loan secondary market is a type of fourth market that is used by institutional portfolio managers and facilitated by institutional dealers. Lenders work with institutional dealers to list their loans on the secondary market. Lenders can sell personal, corporate, and mortgage loans. Loan portfolio managers are active buyers within the whole loan secondary market.

Lenders also have the option to package and sell loans in a securitization deal. This type of deal is supported by an investment bank that manages the packaging, structuring, and sales process of a securitization portfolio. Lenders will typically package loans with similar characteristics in a securitization portfolio with various tranches that are rated for investors.

Residential and commercial mortgage loans have a well-established secondary market through agency buyers Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which typically buy securitized loan portfolios from mortgage lenders. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have specific requirements for the types of loans they buy in the secondary market, which influences the underwriting of mortgage loans for lenders.

Example of Selling a Whole Loan

Suppose lender XYZ sells a whole loan to Freddie Mac. XYZ no longer earns interest on the loan, but it gains cash from Freddie Mac to make additional loans. When XYZ closes on those additional loans, it earns money from origination fees, points, and other closing costs paid by borrowers. XYZ also reduces its default risk when selling the whole loan to Freddie Mac. It has essentially sold the loan to a new lender who services the loan, and the loan is removed from XYZ’sbalance sheet.

What Are Examples of Whole Loans?

Whole loans are any loan made from one lender to one borrower. One of the most recognizable examples is a mortgage loan.

Does Anything Change for Me if My Loan Is Sold?

Mortgages are often bought and sold. In the event that your loan is sold, you'll receive notification that your loan is owned by a new company and may have to set up a new payment portal. The terms of your loan will not change.

Why Do Lenders Sell Whole Loans?

While closing whole loans generates fast cash, sometimes a lender would rather originate loans as opposed to servicing them. By selling them to another company, the original lender secures funds it can use to originate more loans.

The Bottom Line

Most loans are considered whole loans, but they may quickly be sold to larger companies and bundled into securities. For borrowers, the terms are the same. For lenders, whole loans represent a longer period of work for their profit.

Whole Loan: What It Is, How It Works, Example (2024)

FAQs

What is a loan How does it work? ›

A loan is when money is given to another party in exchange for repayment of the loan principal amount plus interest. Lenders will consider a prospective borrower's income, credit score, and debt levels before deciding to offer them a loan.

What is loan answer in one sentence? ›

A loan is when you receive money from a friend, bank or financial institution in exchange for future repayment of the principal and interest. They can be unsecured, like a personal loan or cash advance loan, or they may be secured, like a mortgage or home equity line.

What does "whole loan" mean? ›

A whole loan is a single loan issued to a borrower. Whole loan lenders may sell their whole loans on the secondary market to reduce their risk. Instead of holding a loan for 15 or 30 years, the lender can recoup the principal almost immediately by selling it to an institutional buyer, such as Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae.

What does it mean when Fannie Mae does a whole loan execution? ›

Whole Loan Commitments

With a mandatory commitment, the lender agrees to deliver a specified dollar amount of loans, within certain tolerances, to Fannie Mae by a specified future date. Fannie Mae agrees to purchase those loans at an agreed-upon price.

What is a loan in your own words? ›

A loan is a sum of money that one or more individuals or companies borrow from banks or other financial institutions so as to financially manage planned or unplanned events. In doing so, the borrower incurs a debt, which he has to pay back with interest and within a given period of time.

How does a loan work simple? ›

A simple interest loan is a non-compounded form of lending where the interest is calculated on the remaining principal balance of your loan. This setup allows you to pay a set monthly amount plus interest, with the opportunity to decrease future payments by paying more upfront.

What is a few sentences about a loan? ›

Examples from Collins dictionaries

The president wants to make it easier for small businesses to get bank loans. I am in need of a loan of a bike for a few weeks. He had offered the loan of his small villa at Cap Ferrat. He had kindly offered to loan us all the plants required for the exhibit.

What is an example sentence for on loan? ›

This painting is on loan from the National Gallery. Some of the workers were on loan as temporary staff.

What is a sentence answer example? ›

Simple Sentences : There is only one subject one predicate and one finite verb in a simple sentence. It contains only one independent clause. For example : She sings (She is the subject and sings is the predicate)

What is a make whole loan? ›

What does Make whole mean? A make whole or a 'spens' provision, provides protection to bondholders in the event that the bonds are redeemed early. It compensates bondholders for the loss of opportunity to earn interest at the original rate if the bond had continued to maturity.

Can I pay my whole loan amount at once? ›

Full Prepayment:

Firstly, if the prepayment in full can be done relatively early into the tenure of the loan, a customer tends to save a lot on the interest. A personal loan generally has a lock in of about one year after which the entire outstanding amount can be prepaid.

How does a 100% loan work? ›

100% Financing Means No Down Payment on Your Mortgage

100% financing on a mortgage is when you don't pay the down payment portion of your repayment plan. It's not a savings, you just don't have to pay for the down payment amount right away.

What is the difference between a whole loan and a MBS loan? ›

Whole loans are an alternative to securitization, which is when a financial institution pools multiple loans and issues a security backed by these loans, known as a mortgage-backed security (MBS). These then are broken up and resold to investors. Whole loans are not broken up; hence, the name.

What is the down payment on a Fannie Mae loan? ›

Serve today's creditworthy low-income borrowers with down payments as low as 3%, flexible funding options, and more—including $2,500 in down payment or closing cost assistance.

What is the maximum Fannie Mae loan limit? ›

Maximum Baseline Loan Amount for 2024
UnitsContiguous States, District of Columbia, and Puerto RicoAlaska, Guam, Hawaii, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
1$766,550$1,149,825
2$981,500$1,472,250
3$1,186,350$1,779,525
4$1,474,400$2,211,600

How is a loan paid back? ›

Repayment is the act of paying back a lender the money you've borrowed. Typically, it consists of periodic payments toward the principal—the original amount borrowed—and interest, a fee for the “privilege” of being lent the money.

How do you get your money from a loan? ›

Once you're approved for a personal loan, the cash is usually delivered directly to your checking account. If you're getting a loan to refinance existing debt, you can sometimes request that your lender pay your bills directly.

Does having a loan hurt your credit? ›

Does Taking Out a Personal Loan Hurt my Credit Score? Your credit score will take a slight hit when you apply for a loan, as the lender takes a hard look at your credit. However, if you make your payments on time, your credit score should improve.

What is the difference between a loan and a borrow? ›

Sometimes in casual speech the words loan and lend are confused with the word borrow. For example, someone might ask, “Can you borrow me some money for a few days?” This is a non-standard way to use borrow. A good way to avoid this error is to remember that borrow means to take, while lend and loan mean to give.

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