What Is Epoch? (2024)

What is epoch?

In a computing context, an epoch is the date and time relative to which a computer's clock and timestamp values are determined. The epoch traditionally corresponds to 0 hours, 0 minutes, and 0 seconds (00:00:00) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) on a specific date, which varies from system to system. Most versions of Unix, for example, use January 1, 1970 as the epoch date; Windows uses January 1, 1601; Macintosh systems use January 1, 1904, and Digital Equipment Corporation's Virtual Memory System (VMS) uses November 17, 1858.

The date and time in a computer is determined according to the number of seconds or clock ticks that have elapsed since the defined epoch for that computer or platform. This number is limited by the word length, and also by the number of clock ticks per second. In a 32-bit computer with 1 tick per second, for example, the clock will wrap around (that is, reach its maximum numerical time) on January 18, 2038. This is not likely to be a problem, because most computers are obsolete after a few years, and longer word lengths and/or new epochs will likely be defined before 2038. However, in a computer with 16 ticks per second, wrap-around can occur well within the useful lifetime of the machine.

Other ways "epoch" is used: In geology, an epoch is a period of time of variable length that is a portion of a period, which in turn is a fractional part of an era. We are currently in the Holocene epoch, which is part of the Quaternary period, which in turn is part of the Cenozoic era. In prediction of tides, an epoch is a period of 19 years, representing one complete cycle of all possible alignments of the sun and the moon. In astronomy, an epoch is the point in time where a calendar, or a defined time frame within a calendar, is considered to begin. In 1984, the International Astronomical Union decided that epoch 2000.0 would begin at 1200 UTC on January 1, 2000.

This was last updated in June 2021

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What Is Epoch? (2024)

FAQs

What is the meaning of the word epoch? ›

epoch • \EP-uk\ • noun. 1 a : an event or a time that begins a new period or development b : a memorable event or date 2 a : an extended period of time usually characterized by a distinctive development or by a memorable series of events b : a division of geologic time less than a period and greater than an age.

What is an epoch in machine learning? ›

An epoch in machine learning means one complete pass of the training dataset through the algorithm. This epoch's number is an important hyperparameter for the algorithm. It specifies the number of epochs or complete passes of the entire training dataset passing through the training or learning process of the algorithm.

What is epoch in programming? ›

In a computing context, an epoch is the date and time relative to which a computer's clock and timestamp values are determined. The epoch traditionally corresponds to 0 hours, 0 minutes and 0 seconds, or 00:00:00, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) on a specific date, which varies from system to system.

What is an example of an epoch? ›

the beginning of a distinctive period in the history of anything: The splitting of the atom marked an epoch in scientific discovery. a point of time distinguished by a particular event or state of affairs; a memorable date: His coming of age was an epoch in his life.

How much time is in an epoch? ›

An epoch in Geochronology is a period of time, typically in the order of tens of millions of years.

How many years is an epoch? ›

Epochs tend to be a several million years in length. The current epoch is the Holocene. Many epochs are simply titled "Upper", "Middle", or "Lower" along with their period name (e.g. the Upper Triassic).

Is 100 epochs too much? ›

As a general rule, the optimal number of epochs is between 1 and 10 and should be achieved when the accuracy in deep learning stops improving. 100 seems excessive already. Batch size does not affect your precision. This is simply used to modify the pace or efficiency of the GPU's memory.

What is epoch and why is it important? ›

Each time a dataset passes through an algorithm, it is said to have completed an epoch. Therefore, Epoch, in machine learning, refers to the one entire passing of training data through the algorithm. It's a hyperparameter that determines the process of training the machine learning model.

Why do we need epochs? ›

Epochs make it simple to track your model's progress during training. Monitoring your model's performance on the training and validation sets over multiple epochs will give you an idea of whether the model is improving and when it may begin to overfit.

Why do people use Epoch Time? ›

The epoch refers to the instance of time. Thus, epoch time refers to the number of seconds from the zero point or epoch time. Epoch time is purely used for efficiency reasons as it takes less space to represent a single number in seconds rather than storing in words like year, month, hour etc.

Why is 1970 the epoch? ›

As a result, this increased the span of time a 32-bit unsigned integer could represent to around 136 years. After that, according to Dennis Richie, Unix engineers arbitrarily selected 1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC as the epoch because it was considered a convenient date to work with.

What does epoch mean in networking? ›

An epoch means training the neural network with all the training data for one cycle. In an epoch, we use all of the data exactly once. A forward pass and a backward pass together are counted as one pass: An epoch is made up of one or more batches, where we use a part of the dataset to train the neural network.

What are the 7 epochs? ›

The Cenozoic is divided into three periods: the Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary; and seven epochs: the Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene.

What is the literal meaning of epoch? ›

The noun epoch is from New Latin epocha, from Greek epochē, "pause, check, fixed time." Definitions of epoch. a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event. synonyms: era.

What is epoch in Python? ›

The epoch is the point where the time starts, the return value of time.gmtime(0) . It is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC) on all platforms.

What is the meaning of one epoch? ›

What Is an Epoch? The number of epochs is a hyperparameter that defines the number times that the learning algorithm will work through the entire training dataset. One epoch means that each sample in the training dataset has had an opportunity to update the internal model parameters.

What is a synonym for the word epoch? ›

Some common synonyms of epoch are age, era, and period. While all these words mean "a division of time," epoch applies to a period begun or set off by some significant or striking quality, change, or series of events.

What does epoch mean in Latin? ›

Epocha means 'a new or distinctive era' or 'a moment. in time' and has the same meaning in most European. languages.

Do epoch and era mean the same thing? ›

era = A unit of time shorter than an eon but longer than a period. period = A unit of time shorter than an era but longer than epoch. epoch = A unit of time shorter than a period but longer than an age. Archean = “Ancient” eon from 4,500 Mya – 2,500 Ma.

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