What Is a VPN Tunnel and How Does It Work? | ExpressVPN (2024)

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A VPN tunnel (often simply referred to as a VPN, or virtual private network) is an encrypted connection between your computer or mobile device and the wider internet. Since your connection is encrypted, nobody along the VPN tunnel is able to intercept, monitor, or alter your communications.

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What Is a VPN Tunnel and How Does It Work? | ExpressVPN (1)

How does VPN tunneling work?

When you use a VPN, your online activity and data is transmitted through the internet via a process called tunneling.

Data traveling in a VPN tunnel is split into pieces called “packets”, which are then placed inside other data packets. This process is known as “encapsulation”. All this data is then encrypted, preventing intruders from seeing what’s inside.

What Is a VPN Tunnel and How Does It Work? | ExpressVPN (2)

A VPN tunnel also shields your IP address from third parties, including your internet service provider (ISP), instead showing them a different IP address—one that is owned by the VPN provider and shared by numerous users. This means no one will be able to tell that your activity is yours.

VPN tunneling protects your browsing, chatting, and all other traffic from the prying eyes of your internet service provider, your government, or people trying to monitor your activity over free public Wi-Fi.

What Is a VPN Tunnel and How Does It Work? | ExpressVPN (3)

A VPN tunnel hides your location

A VPN tunnel not only protects you from data being intercepted, but it also hides your IP address, which can otherwise be used to identify you when you are browsing the web. Instead of your real location, the sites you visit will only see the location of the VPN server you are connected to.

This is how VPN tunnels can help you both circumvent censorship imposed on your local network and censorship being imposed by the local network of the site you are visiting.

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VPN tunneling protocols

ExpressVPN supports various types of VPN protocols for all your needs. The app will choose its optimal configuration automatically, but advanced users have the opportunity to configure their VPN tunnel manually.

What Is a VPN Tunnel and How Does It Work? | ExpressVPN (4)

Types of VPN tunneling protocols

Lightway
Built from the ground up by ExpressVPN, Lightway provides a faster, more secure, and more reliable VPN experience. Lightway establishes a VPN connection in a fraction of a second and will even maintain a VPN connection when switching networks. Lightway is open source and uses the wolfSSL cryptography library.

OpenVPN
OpenVPN is a highly customizable, open-source VPN protocol that’s available for a wide variety of platforms. While it’s tricky to set up on its own, OpenVPN is great for speed, security, and encryption. ExpressVPN users can toggle between UDP (optimal for speed) or TCP (optimal for connection reliability.)

IKEv2
One of the newer VPN protocols available to consumers, IKEv2 is considered to be a lighter and more stable option than OpenVPN. IKEv2 is particularly great for use on mobile devices across all platforms. IKEv2 is only available over UDP, which is blocked by some firewalls.

L2TP/IPsec
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol that, by itself, does not provide strong encryption or authentication. Internet Protocol security (IPsec) is a versatile and secure protocol that provides authentication and encryption for data packets. L2TP and IPsec are often used in conjunction with each other.

PPTP
The Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) was one of the earliest protocols developed. Due to its lack of encryption and authentication features, PPTP is the fastest VPN protocol. However, this means that your internet traffic can be seen by third parties. We do not recommend using PPTP, and it is no longer supported on ExpressVPN apps.

Learn more about the different types of VPN tunneling protocols.

VPN tunnel configuration

To use ExpressVPN, sign up below and download your VPN tunnel app for Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, Linux, routers, and many other devices. Choose a server in one of dozens of countries to connect to and surf the web securely and in private.

The apps provide an easy and appealing interface that allows you to initiate and terminate your VPN tunnel, as well as run tests to determine the proper server location.

See instructions on how to set up and configure a VPN tunnel on any device.

Set up a VPN tunnel on:

VPN for Windows VPN for Mac VPN for iOS
VPN for Android VPN for Linux VPN for routers

What Is a VPN Tunnel and How Does It Work? | ExpressVPN (5)

VPN tunnel failure? ExpressVPN Support is there for you around the clock to help with any questions or problems you might possibly experience.

FAQ: About VPN Tunneling

ExpressVPN supports a variety of standard tunneling protocols, as well as our own protocol Lightway, built from the ground up for a fast, reliable, and secure VPN experience.

The process of split tunneling allows you to route some of your device or app traffic through an encrypted VPN tunnel while other devices or apps access the internet directly. Split tunneling can be used to protect the traffic you choose, without losing access to local network devices.

The process of VPN tunneling is legal and consistently used by individuals and companies around the world to protect their private information and online activity, including in countries with highly restrictive governments. That said, performing illegal online activities remains illegal, whether you are routing your traffic through a VPN tunnel or not.

A VPN is a type of tunneling protocol. While there are other methods that can be used to tunnel or shield traffic, VPNs are popular for their ease of use.

There are various ways to test if your VPN is working to encrypt your traffic and shield your IP address. Learn how to test for leaks of your IP address, DNS, and WebRTC.

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What Is a VPN Tunnel and How Does It Work? | ExpressVPN (2024)

FAQs

What Is a VPN Tunnel and How Does It Work? | ExpressVPN? ›

A VPN tunnel (often simply referred to as a VPN, or virtual private network) is an encrypted connection between your computer or mobile device and the wider internet. Since your connection is encrypted, nobody along the VPN tunnel is able to intercept, monitor, or alter your communications.

What is a VPN tunnel and how does it work? ›

VPN tunneling involves the creation of a secure and encrypted connection over a network, typically the internet. This connection is referred to as a "tunnel" because it provides a safe passageway for data to travel between a device and a VPN server. VPN tunneling conceals a user's IP address and encrypts their data.

What is a VPN and how does it work? ›

A VPN, which stands for virtual private network, protects its users by encrypting their data and masking their IP addresses. This hides their browsing activity, identity, and location, allowing for greater privacy and autonomy.

What is the difference between VPN and VPN tunnel? ›

What is a VPN tunnel? A VPN is a secure, encrypted connection over a publicly shared network. Tunneling is the process by which VPN packets reach their intended destination, which is typically a private network. Many VPNs use the IPsec protocol suite.

How does full tunnel VPN work? ›

A full tunnel VPN is a virtual private network (VPN) configuration that directs all your internet traffic through a VPN tunnel. This means that the VPN connection protects all the data you send and receive. Typically, VPN services offer full tunneling as a standard VPN setup.

Can VPN tunnels be hacked? ›

VPNs are widely regarded as a cornerstone of Internet privacy, creating secure tunnels for data transmission. However, they are not infallible. One primary reason VPN encryption can be hacked lies in the vulnerabilities within the encryption algorithms themselves – or the software used.

Is tunnel VPN safe? ›

A VPN tunnel is a secure, encrypted connection between a user's device and the internet through a virtual private network. The VPN tunnel encrypts the user's internet traffic and routes it to a remote VPN server. From there, the data is decrypted and delivered to its intended destination.

Do you really need VPN? ›

Nowadays, everyone needs a VPN. It's the best way to protect yourself online. While most people aren't suffering in oppressive regimes that heavily censor the internet and restrict what you can see and do online, that doesn't mean they don't need a VPN.

What will happen if you use VPN? ›

Via the VPN, all your data traffic is routed through an encrypted virtual tunnel. This disguises your IP address when you use the internet, making its location invisible to everyone. A VPN connection is also secure against external attacks.

Does a VPN really make a difference? ›

A VPN creates a secure tunnel between a user's computer and the VPN server, which hides their online activity and location. VPN security enables users to protect their online privacy and prevent their internet service provider (ISP) from tracking their browsing activity.

Does a VPN tunnel work both ways? ›

Yes. VPNs don't really have a direction, they are just tunnels between distant networks. In terms of IP routing and access, there is no difference between a VPN a physical connection – and it's just as common to see a fully symmetric site-to-site VPN as it is with client-server ones.

When I shouldn't use VPN? ›

If you don't want your internet connection to be unpredictable at times, it's best not to download a VPN. Many reputable services can offer fast servers, but encrypting all your online activity can sometimes slow down connection speeds. The second most common downside to using a VPN is also linked to unpredictability.

How do you detect a VPN tunnel? ›

There are plenty of IP address check tools that detail the IP address location. If you know someone to be based in a specific location but the IP address location is different, it's likely they're using a VPN. You can also use IP address checkers to see the ISP.

What is VPN and how does it work? ›

The VPN acts as an intermediary between the user getting online and connecting to the internet by hiding their IP address. Using a VPN creates a private, encrypted tunnel through which a user's device can access the internet while hiding their personal information, location, and other data.

What is the goal of a VPN tunnel? ›

A VPN tunnel not only protects you from data being intercepted, but it also hides your IP address, which can otherwise be used to identify you when you are browsing the web. Instead of your real location, the sites you visit will only see the location of the VPN server you are connected to.

What is the end point of a VPN? ›

A traditional VPN requires two endpoints. One is the remote endpoint and the other is the local endpoint. To create the VPN connection, both endpoints must be set up and configured to send and receive data using a VPN protocol.

Is tunnel VPN free? ›

TunnelBear VPN offers both free and paid versions, each with its own set of pros and cons. Learn about the differences and decide which one is right for you.

What is an advantage of VPN tunnel mode? ›

The main advantage of IPsec tunnel mode is that it creates a secure connection between two endpoints by encapsulating packets in an additional IP header. Tunnel mode also provides better security over transport mode because the entire original packet is encrypted.

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