Understanding The Role Of The Queen Bee In A Colony • Ecrotek (2024)

Understanding The Role Of The Queen Bee In A Colony

The queen bee is at the heart of the hive. She’s the mother of all the other members and the glue that holds the colony together. Without a queen, the hive will fail and the bees will disperse.

But what makes the queen so special? Like human royalty, she’s selected before birth and treated with a distinctive egg cell and special diet in her larval stage. When she matures, the queen mates several times, then spends the rest of her life laying eggs, never leaving the hive again.

Here’s a look at the most fascinating member of your colony:

The Queen Bee's Special Case

The life of a queen bee starts with a special egg cell that hangs vertically – also called a ‘queen cup’. Worker bees build these cells when the previous queen becomes weak, or when the colony gets too large for the hive and is about to swarm. They will usually build several queen cells, and the existing queen will lay an egg inside each. If the previous queen dies or leaves the hive unexpectedly, workers will find a new egg or young larva and move it into a queen cell.

The royal diet

Once the eggs in queen cells hatch, the larvae are fed a specialised diet until they reach maturity. At first, they are fed a fluid secreted from the glands of nurse bees – known as royal jelly. Although all larval bees are fed some royal jelly, future queens are fed a huge amount, which triggers the development of their distinctive body shape and functioning ovaries. In the final two days of the larval stage, the queens are fed honey as well, which includes hormones that help the body develop further.

Killer instinct

When the queen larvae emerge from their cells after 6-8 days of growth, the next step is a fight to the death – not quite queenly behaviour! The first larva to emerge will often kill the previous queen, tear open other queen cells, and sting the larvae inside to death. Later, when she flies out to mate, she may also need to fight any other queens who survived or emerged from other hives.

Taking flight

Roughly a week after emerging from her cell, the new queen goes on the first of several ‘nuptial flights’. She hovers in the air in a specific area and attracts drones (or male bees) from other colonies. While in flight, she mates with 10-20 of these drones. Most drones are unsuccessful in mating, returning to the hive to die a few months later.

Bee reproduction

The bee mating process isn’t exactly romantic. During the act, the endophallus (sex organ) of the male bee enters the queen. As he pulls away, the endophallus rips from his body, tearing his abdomen open in the process. As a result, the drone dies shortly after mating. After two or three nuptial flights, the queen has around 6 million sperm stored inside special organs called oviducts. These are used to fertilise all her eggs.

Egg-laying forever

After a few nuptial flights, the queen returns to the hive and stays inside for the rest of her life – unless the colony gets too big and she leaves with a swarm. While in the hive, the queen eats a diet of royal jelly and honey and spends the vast majority of her time laying eggs. A healthy queen will lay around 1000-1500 eggs every day, or roughly 200,000 a year. Worker bees feed her continuously, dispose of her waste products and distribute her hormones around the hive to prevent the production of queen cells.

The queen controls the population of the hive, laying fertilised female eggs or unfertilised male ones. The smaller female bees that emerge are worker bees, collecting honey and maintaining the hive, while the larger males are drones.

Ending and beginning

The average queen bee will live from two to five years. During that time, if the colony gets too big she may leave with around half the population to find a new hive. Otherwise, she will start to weaken and lay fewer eggs.

When worker bees see signs of weakness in the queen, they work quickly to build new queen cups, and the whole process starts over again. If the queen is accidentally killed by a beekeeper or a disease, the hive will be in disarray until workers can raise another queen.

An essential life

The life of a queen bee may not be very glamourous, but it’s essential for the health and wellbeing of the hive. That’s why it’s so important to check on your queen frequently and replace her if your colony doesn’t do it on its own.

Want to know more about the role of the queen? Talk to the expert team at Ecrotek.

Understanding The Role Of The Queen Bee In A Colony • Ecrotek (2024)

FAQs

What is the role of the queen in the bee colony? ›

HONEY BEE QUEEN'S ROLE IN THE COLONY

The Queen Bee plays a vital role in the hive because she is the only female with fully developed ovaries. The queen's two primary purposes are to produce chemical scents that help regulate the unity of the colony and to lay lots of eggs.

What is the role of the queen in a beehive? ›

She enacts laws by and with parliamentary assent, appoints judges and magistrates who act in her name,* confers titles and creates peerages. She is supreme head of the Church of England and the Church of Scotland, which makes her an Anglican south of the Tweed, and a Presbyterian north of it.

What is the role of the drone bee in a colony? ›

A drone is a male bee. Unlike the female worker bee, a drone has no stinger. He does not gather nectar or pollen and cannot feed without assistance from worker bees. His only role is to mate with a maiden queen in nuptial flight.

In what way is the queen bee the head of the colony of bees? ›

Every bee colony has one bee that is instrumental in everything that happens within the hive, this is the queen bee. As the only female bee with fully developed reproductive organs, she has the important task of managing the colony's population.

How does a colony choose a queen bee? ›

How do bees choose their next queen? First, the queen lays more eggs. Then, the worker bees choose up to twenty of the fertilized eggs, seemingly at random, to be potential new queens. When these eggs hatch, the workers feed the larvae a special food called royal jelly.

What happens to the colony when the queen bee dies? ›

You might think the colony dies immediately, but the bees will try to be productive even without a queen. The colony does not entirely stop working right away, but as the older bees die, there will not be more bees to replace them. Gradually over the next 2-3 months, the colony will eventually fail.

What are the rules for the queen bee in the hive? ›

Starting with white, players alternate turns performing a single ​action​ (​pass​, ​place​ or ​move​) until a Queen Bee is completely surrounded. The game ends in a draw if both Queen Bees are surrounded in the same turn, otherwise the player whose Queen Bee is surrounded loses the game.

What happens if there is no queen in a hive? ›

Without a queen there to lay eggs, there will be no more brood for them to care for. This creates a job imbalance in the hive and may result in increased foraging and food stores. If you see plenty of honey and pollen, but no brood, you may have a queenless colony on your hands.

Does the Queen control the hive? ›

Worker bees have the ability to raise a new queen – or kill an existing one – whenever they wish. The queen is only in control of laying eggs and when she will lay, though her use of pheromones is a key signal for the colony.

What is the purpose of a bee colony? ›

FLOWERING AND REPRODUCTION | Pollination

Although most honey bee colonies are kept for honey production their value as pollinators far exceeds that of the honey and wax they produce. Introduced colonies are vital components to the yield of many agricultural and horticultural crops.

What are the primary jobs of the queen drones and workers in a honeybee colony? ›

Drones have only one role: mate with virgin queens. Worker bees have many roles, including hive cleaning & repair, brood nursing, queen attending, comb building, foraging for food and water, creating and storing honey, and guarding the hive from intruders.

What is the responsibility of a drone bee? ›

Drones are male bees and their sole purpose is to mate with the queen: they don't work, don't make honey and can't sting. Since a queen only needs to mate once, most of the drones won't even get the chance to fulfil their role. But worker bees keep them around, just in case a new queen needs mating.

What is the role of the queen bee? ›

The queen controls the population of the hive, laying fertilised female eggs or unfertilised male ones. The smaller female bees that emerge are worker bees, collecting honey and maintaining the hive, while the larger males are drones. The average queen bee will live from two to five years.

How do you introduce a queen bee to a colony? ›

The queen is placed in the cage and the open end closed with a newspaper cap (four leaves thick) held in place with a small rubber band. The cage is jammed between two frames of hatching brood, where there will be plenty of nurse bees, with the newspaper cap facing down.

What does the queen do for bees? ›

The Important Role Of The Queen Bee In A Colony. The queen bee is at the heart of the hive. She's the mother of all the other members and the glue that holds the colony together. Without a queen, the hive will fail and the bees will disperse.

What happens if a bee colony has no queen? ›

In a queenless hive, worker bees who were previously occupied with the task of caring for brood will be out of the job. Without a queen there to lay eggs, there will be no more brood for them to care for. This creates a job imbalance in the hive and may result in increased foraging and food stores.

Why are bees loyal to the Queen? ›

The hive's loyalty to that queen is part of their programming and part of their chemistry. But if they determine that the current queen isn't up to par, isn't doing her egg-laying job efficiently, then the workers may supercede the queen's authority and create new queens who will oust her and return the hive to health.

Why do bees overthrow their queen? ›

Reasons for replacing the queen include: colony health, under-performance, temperament or apiary expansion.

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