The Temple Tax Coin in the Time of Jesus | Danny The Digger (2024)

The Jewish Temple was a focal point of pilgrimage for Jews in ancient times. The form of worship was by a contributaion, mostly an animal sacrifice. But there was another contribution every male was oblidged to provide – money. By Jewish religious law, as commanded in the Bible itself (Exodus 30:13; 38:25), every male Jew over the age of 20 had to give an annual contribution to the temple, of “half a shekel”. In the first century a shekelwas equated with the Greektetradrachm(equal to fourdrachms), which was a silver coin of the weight of nearly 14 grams. Half a shekel therefore would be in the value of nearly7 grams of silver, and could be equated with the Greekdidrachm(equal to twodrachms).

What is the value of about 7 grams of stamped silver? The New Testament provides an estimated value of a similar silver coin. In one of his parables Jesus mentions the wages of a day’s work in a vineyard to be “one Denarius” (Matthew 20:2). The Romandenariuswas about 3.4 grams of silver, and so half a shekel would be worth about 2 days of labor in a vineyard. Comparing this with labor wages in agriculture in Israel today, I would estimate the half a shekel contribution to be worth about 50-75 USD.

If the Jewish population was estimated to be 8 to 10 million in the first century AD, and the adult males to be about a third of this society, I estimate the half a shekel temple tax provided an annual income of about 150,000,000 USD.

And as if that was not enough, various sources document many additional donations and contributions made by individuals to the temple in Jerusalem. In fact Mark 12:41-44 documents Jesus praising a widow giving twoleptonsto the temple treasuries:

“Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts. But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a fraction of a penny. Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, “I tell you the truth, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. They allgave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put ineverything all she had to live on.”

Aleptonis the smallest denomination in Greek currency, equal to the nickels and dimes of today. And yet Jesus praised the widow for her contribution.

What did these coins look like?

Although the official name of the temple tax coin was half a shekel, Jewish sources record that the only coin type the priests acknowledged was the one called the Tyrian shekel. That silver coin was minted by the Phoenician city of Tyre, and research proved that the priests knew why they insisted on accepting only this currency – The Tyrian Shekel (unlike the RomanDenarius) always had a high level of silver, between 90 and 95 percent.

The Temple Tax Coin in the Time of Jesus | Danny The Digger (1)

Tyrian Shekel from the 1st century AD. Since the priests of the temple in Jerusalem accepted the temple tax only in this currency, money changers around the Temple offered their services, converting foreign money to this coin type. Apparently the charge for this service was high, and it is this Jesus referred to when he said, “It is written, ‘My house will be called a house of prayer’, but you are making it a den of robbers” (Matthew 21:13). (C) Danny Herman

The lepton was the smallest denomination of Greek coins. It is identified with a 1.5-2 gram bronze coin minted in large numbers by the Hasmonean king Alexander Yannai (Jannaeus). Such coins can be found in large numbers even today, in antiquity stores around the old city of Jerusalem.

The Temple Tax Coin in the Time of Jesus | Danny The Digger (2)

Bronze Lepton coin. Such a coin is likely mentioned in Mark 12:44, and is known in modern research and literature as one of the ‘widow’s mites’. Its obverse shows an eight ray star, and its reverse depicts an anchor. The text along the edges reads (in Greek and Hebrew, or Aramaic): “[of] king Alexander”. (C) Danny Herman

Short Video Explaining the Temple Tax Tyrian Shekel

  • for other types of Bronze Coins mentioned in the New Testament, clickhere.
  • If you are considering purchasing an ancient Jewish coin contact us for consultation and reccomendation.

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    The Temple Tax Coin in the Time of Jesus | Danny The Digger (2024)

    FAQs

    What were the temple tax coins? ›

    At the Great Temple in Jerusalem the annual tax levied on Jews was 1/2 shekel per male. The 1/2 shekel and shekel were not always used in everyday commerce, but were the only coins accepted by the temple. Many taxpayers required a currency exchange, so money changers set up in the Temple court.

    What was the temple tax in the time of Jesus? ›

    The money was needed because it was the duty of every male Jew who came to the temple to worship, to pay half a shekel for the upkeep of the temple, this was called 'Temple Tax. ' A half-shekel was equal to a third, or a fourth of a Denarius, or a penny and could only be paid in the temple.

    What was the currency in the temple during Jesus time? ›

    Although the official name of the temple tax coin was half a shekel, Jewish sources record that the only coin type the priests acknowledged was the one called the Tyrian shekel.

    What was the coin in Jesus time? ›

    The tribute penny was the coin that was shown to Jesus when he made his famous speech "Render unto Caesar..." It is usually thought that the coin was a Roman denarius with the head of Tiberius.

    Why did Jesus pay taxes with a coin from the mouth of a fish? ›

    Jesus performed this miracle in order to not offend those who collected the two-drachma temple tax. This is the only miracle that Jesus performed in order to avoid offending people. Jesus typically performed miracles as well as made statements that were offensive to his audience, particularly the Jewish priesthood.

    What is the difference between tithes and temple taxes? ›

    Remember, the Jews paid both Temple taxes and Tithes. Temple tax was a standard amount of two-drachma for all income strata which was collected for the upkeep of the temple, similar to an entrance fee of a museum. But Tithe is more similar to our present day income tax.

    Why did Jesus not pay the Temple tax? ›

    Peter answers by saying that even the kings of the earth do not require duty and taxes of their own sons. Jesus responds, “then the sons are exempt.” Jesus was under no obligation to pay the temple tax. In fact, Jesus was the true Temple in the sense that, being God incarnate, he was the ultimate dwelling place of God.

    Which disciples paid the Temple tax? ›

    The question was whether the Lord Jesus paid tribute. Simon Peter said that He did. The Lord sent Peter to catch a fish and in its mouth was a coin to pay the Temple Tax for both of them. At this point, both the Lord Jesus and Peter were over 20.

    How much was a silver coin worth in Jesus' time? ›

    Depending on which of the coins was used, in modern values of silver, these known coins would bring the sum to be between $250 and $300. Some scholars have observed that one silver coin was a working man's wage. So in modern terms, a worker getting $15 an hour in an eight-hour day would take would take home $120.

    What was the money in the temple Treasury used for? ›

    This fund was used to pay the wages of the Temple staff, who consisted of the inspectors of animal blemishes, the experts who taught the priests the laws of ritual slaughtering, examiners of the scrolls, and even the women who wove the curtains for the gates of the Temple.

    Did Jesus throw the money changers out of the temple? ›

    And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the money changers, and the seats of them that sold doves, And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves.

    What coins were used to betray Jesus? ›

    ​​Judas Iscariot agrees to handover Jesus in exchange of thirty pieces of silver, according to an account in the Gospel of Matthew (26:15) in the New Testament: “14 Then one of the Twelve - the one called Judas Iscariot - went to the chief priests 15 and asked, “What are you willing to give me if I deliver him over to ...

    How much is a Jesus coin worth? ›

    Jesus Coin's price today is US$0.00000006869, with a 24-hour trading volume of $495,191. JESUS is -4.87% in the last 24 hours. It is currently -28.98% from its 7-day all-time high of $0.00000009672, and 14.52% from its 7-day all-time low of $0.00000005998. JESUS has a circulating supply of 151,426.49 B JESUS.

    What did Jesus say about the coin? ›

    Jesus said, “Precisely, for the coin bears the image of the emperor Caesar. Well, then, you should pay the emperor what is due to the emperor. But because you bear the image of God, give back to God all that belongs to him.”

    What are the two coins in the Bible? ›

    Then a poor widow came along and put in two small copper coins. Jesus teaches the disciples that the woman gave more than the rich. The poor woman, as a widow, would have had no source of income after her husband's death. Therefore the two small copper coins were all she had - and yet she offered them to God.

    What are the coins of the temple of Janus? ›

    This Roman coin depicts the Temple of Janus Quirinus, a building destroyed long before the Renaissance. A representation of the coin appears in a late sixteenth-century book of commentary, illustrating a specific passage in Suetonius's biography of Augustus.

    What was the temple Treasury used for? ›

    The Book of Ne introduces us to treasury-chambers in the second temple--now used for the voluntary offerings (tithes) of the people--grain, and wine, and oil (Nehemiah 13:4; compare Malachi 3:10).

    What were the coins given to Judas? ›

    Thirty silver coins received by Judas for betraying Jesus.

    How much was a shekel worth in Jesus time? ›

    According to New Nave's Topical Bible, one who possessed five talents of gold or silver was a multimillionaire by today's standards. A silver shekel, on the other hand, was probably worth less than a dollar in today's market. A gold shekel was perhaps worth a little more than five dollars.

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