The Math Behind Putting Down Less Than 20% (2024)

This might come as a surprise, but you don’t actually need to put down 20% on your home. In fact, for first-time homebuyers, the average down payment is just 8% — and it’s possible to put down even less. But how does the math shake out in your monthly mortgage payments?

Let’s break down the numbers behind putting down less than 20%.

Add in Primary Mortgage Insurance

If your down payment is less than 20% and you have a conventional loan, your lender will require private mortgage insurance (PMI), which is an added insurance policy that protects the lender if you can't pay your mortgage.This payment will be added onto your monthly mortgage bill, requiring you to spend slightly more per month.

Some lenders offer loan products that do not require you to have PMI. However, in return, these lenders will often charge higher interest rates.

The cost of PMI varies based on your credit score and your loan-to-value ratio (the amount you owe on your mortgage compared to its value). It also depends on the insurer. You can expect to pay between $30 and $150 per month for every $100,000 you borrow.

Some types of loans, such asFHA loans, do require you to pay PMI for the life of the loan. However, for many other types of loans, once you've built20%equityin your home, you can ask your lender to cancel your PMI and remove that expense from your monthly payment.

Add in Principal and Interest

When you put down more cash up front, the amount of money you need to borrow decreases. The less you borrow, the lower your monthly payment (principal + interest).

To help you understand the math, here’s an example of how different down payment amounts affect your monthly mortgage payment, PMI and total monthly expenses over the life of your loan.

A $300,000 Home: 5% Down vs. 20% Down