In this article, the Statutory Liquidity Ratio(SLR) has been discussed in details. Apart from SLR, there are terms like CRR, bank rate, the repo rate, reverse repo rate, etc. are very important for the economy section of the IAS exam.
The General Awareness section for UPSC exams covers a very vast syllabus which not just includes information related to History, static general awareness, current events across the world, but also includes questions related to the economy.
Aspirants can check the previous years’ UPSC question papers to have clarity on this topic.
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To complement your preparation for the upcoming exam, check the following links:
- UPSC Previous Year Question Papers
- Topic-Wise GS 3 Questions for UPSC Mains
- Economics Questions for UPSC Mains GS 3
- Polity Questions for UPSC Mains
- Governance Questions for UPSC Mains
- Issue of RBI Autonomy – Economy This Week
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- 100 Differences Between Articles for UPSC
Statutory Liquidity Ratio -Definition
Statutory Liquidity Ratio or SLR is the minimum percentage of deposits that a commercial bank has to maintain in the form of liquid cash, gold or other securities. It is basically the reserve requirement that banks are expected to keep before offering credit to customers. The SLR is fixed by the RBI and is a form of control over the credit growth in India.
The government uses the SLR to regulate inflation and fuel growth. Increasing the SLR will control inflation in the economy while decreasing the statutory liquidity rate will cause growth in the economy. The SLR was prescribed by Section 24 (2A) of Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
To know more about various banking reforms and acts, check the linked article.
To read in detail the other economic terms, aspirants can refer to the links below:
| Repo Rates | Cash Reserve Ratio |
| Reserve Repo Rate | Inflation in Economy- Types of Inflation, Remedies to Solve Related Issues, Effects |
| Forex Reserves – Importance, Advantages | Consumer Price Index (CPI) |
Why is the SLR fixed?
- To check the expansion of bank credit.
- To ensure the solvency of commercial banks.
- To compel banks to invest in government securities like bonds.
- To fuel growth and demand; this is done by decreasing the SLR so that there is more liquidity with the commercial banks.
If a bank fails to maintain the prescribed SLR, it is liable to pay a penalty to the Reserve Bank of India. The defaulter bank has to pay a penalty of 3% above the bank rate on the deficient amount for that particular day.
SLR plays a very important role in fixing the minimum rate at which a bank can lend money to its customers. This minimum amount is called the base rate. This helps in building transparency between the Reserve Bank of India and other public dealing banks.
The Reserve Bank of India is the body which sets the SLR. The Reserve Bank of India increases the SLR at the time of inflation to control bank credit. At the time of recession, RBI decreases the SLR to increase bank credit.
Aspirants can check the UPSC syllabus at the linked article.
Current Statutory Liquidity Ratio
The current statutory liquidy ratio as of February 2021 is 18%.
Frequently Asked Questions on Statutory Liquidity Ratio
Q1
Q 1. What is SLR?
Ans. SLR or the Statutory Liquidity Ratio is the minimum percentage of deposits that a commercial bank has to maintain in the form of liquid cash, gold or other securities.
Q2
Q 2. Who decides the SLR?
Ans. The Reserve Bank of India decides the SLR which is to be maintained by other banks.
Q3
Q 3. Do banks have to maintain SLR is cash?
Ans. Banks need to maintain SLR in the form of gold, cash, government bonds or approved securities.
Q4
Q 4. What is the difference between SLR and CRR?
Ans. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the percentage of money, which a bank has to keep with RBI in the form of cash. Whereas, Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) is the proportion of liquid assets to time and demand liabilities.
Related Links
| Securities and Exchange Board of India | Marginal Standing Facility | Bank Rate |
| Gist of Rajya Sabha TV | UPSC Current Affairs | Government Exams |
| Booklist for IAS Exam | List of Different Types of Banks in India | Non Performing Assets (NPA) |
