St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (2024)

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23 Sept 2022

Written by Fiona J Mackenzie, Canna House Archivist

St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (5)

Statue of Saint Michael on the Isle of Eriskay, Outer Hebrides | Image by Shutterstock/Nina Alizada

Là Fhéill Mìcheil – St Michael’s Day – happens on September 29th. Canna House Archivist Fiona Mackenzie looks at some of the folklore traditions surrounding this oft-forgotten Christian festival.

What is Michaelmas?

Michaelmas, or The Feast of Michael and All Angels, signifies the end of the harvest, the start of autumn and the beginning of the shorter days. An annual feast day, and ‘quarter day’ in the calendar, of the Western Christian Church, Michaelmas is celebrated on September 29th. It takes its name from the Archangel Michael, the leader of heaven’s armies and the angel who defeated Lucifer.

How is Michaelmas celebrated?

St Michael is known as one of the principal angelic heroes and a protector against the dark of the winter nights. Traditionally Lucifer’s forces were believed to be stronger in the days of winter darkness, hence all the customs and rites associated with this time of year.

Here we explore Hebridean traditions and feast customs, as recorded by the folklorist Margaret Fay Shaw of Canna in her book ‘Folksongs and Folklore of South Uist’.

St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (6)St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (7)St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (8)St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (9)

Traditions

There is a tradition that you must not harvest brambles after September 29th as this is the date that it is said that Lucifer was expelled from Heaven in retaliation for his evil deeds, landing in a bramble bush. He could have spat upon them, so do not pull a bramble after the 29th!

On Michaelmas Eve, it was a strange legal custom steal your neighbours horse, as long as it was returned by the next night. Perhaps don’t try that one out anymore!

It was also a custom to give a Michaelmas Daisy as a present, because its pretty colours and daintiness protected against the advancing darkness of autumn and winter.

St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (10)St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (11)St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (12)St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (13)

Food

As with other feast days, food plays an important role in rites and customs and Michaelmas is no different. It was an important tradition to eat a goose which had been fattened on the remains of the harvested fields, in order to protect against times of financial hardship through winter. There was a rhyme which went:

Eat a goose on Michaelmas Day, Want not for money all the year.

St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (14)

A case of the taxidermy birds in Canna House, left for the Campbells by the previous family | Image by Margaret Fay Shaw

It is also a Hebridean custom to pull up the last of your carrots on the 29th, and if you find a two-pronged carrot that is extra lucky! A Gaelic rhyme that accompanied the lifting of the carrots went as follows:

Torcan torrach, torrach, torrach, Sonas curran còrr orm,

Michael mil a bhi dha m’chonuil, Bride gheal dha m’chonradh.

(Cleft fruitful, fruitful, fruitful, Joy of carrots surpassing upon me,

Michael the brave endowing me, Bride the fair be aiding me.)

St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (15)

Donald Macleod, the gardener for Canna House in the 1940s, beside the carrot patch | Image by Margaret Fay Shaw

The most common custom of a Hebridean Michaelmas however was the baking of the Bonnach Struthan or Struan Cake, baked by the eldest daughter of the family and supposed to represent the fruits of the fields. It was while the men were guarding the horses that the women would make the Struthan. Margaret Fay Shaw discovered a Struthan being baked for the event and wrote down the recipe and method.

If you want to have a go at making your own, then perhaps use a pastry brush instead of a feather these days to achieve the pancake-layer look!

Her recipe instructs you to bake as follows:

Four saucerfuls of barley, a pinch of baking soda, enough water to make a dough. Knead and shape into a bannock and bake on a girdle, 2 eggs, 2 tbsp syrup, 2tbsp cream. Beat and spread on one side of the bannock, with a feather, holding it in front of the fire. Turn and repeat on the other side. Put on several coats.

She gives an alternative method too:

A pound of flour, teaspoonful baking soda, salt, enough milk to make a dough, carraway seeds, currants or raisins. Bake on a girdle, turning as it bakes. When ready, spread the mixture on one side and baked then on the other – 3 tbsps treacle, 1 tbsp sugar,1 tbsps milk and as much flour as will make a dough that can adhere to the bannock. It can be done in a girdle or in a not too hot oven. As you turn the bannock on the fire, say this traditional rhyme:

Progeny and prosperity of family, Mystery of An Dagda, protection of Bride.

St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (16)St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (17)

And remember the Hebridean blessing itself:

Là Fhéill Mìcheil nì sinn struthan, Gabhaidh sinn dheth gu cridheil cairdeil, Mar bu choir a bhith.

(On St Michael’s Day we will make a cake, We will partake of it in a joyful friendly manner, As is proper.)

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St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions (2024)

FAQs

St Michael’s Day and Michaelmas traditions? ›

It was an important tradition to eat a goose which had been fattened on the remains of the harvested fields, in order to protect against times of financial hardship through winter. There was a rhyme which went: Eat a goose on Michaelmas Day, Want not for money all the year.

What are the traditions of St Michaelmas Day? ›

Local tradition holds that eating goose on 29 September will bring prosperity. The good-luck goose connection comes from the historical legend (see above) concerning Queen Elizabeth I, who was said to be eating goose on Michaelmas in 1588 when she received news that her royal navy had defeated the Spanish Armada.

How do you celebrate Michaelmas? ›

Here are some ideas to incorporate:
  1. Use Michaelmas as a reason to gather — invite your friends and family to join you!
  2. Prepare autumn “harvest” foods like apples and squashes.
  3. Learn a group dance.
  4. Play movement games or hold races.
  5. Sing together and make music.
  6. Put on a play.

Why did we stop celebrating Michaelmas? ›

However despite once being a popular and important part of the calendar, the Industrial Revolution was to kill off the celebrations of Michaelmas. As factory work and urban life increasingly became the lot of the common folk, the old agricultural year and its traditions became less important.

What is the pagan origin of Michaelmas? ›

The Origins of the Feast of Michaelmas

Like many medieval feasts and festivals, the feast of Michaelmas had both pagan and Christian origins. The feast's pagan origins relate to the celebration of the autumnal equinox and the marking of shorter hours of daylight.

What does the Michaelmas daisy flower mean? ›

Michaelmas daisy- symbolizes a departure or a farewell. Gerber daisies-symbolize cheerfulness and were often paired with ferns which symbolize sincerity. English daisy-when used as a gift flower, these daisies symbolize innocence. They were paired with primroses which are a symbol for motherly love.

What is the Catholic tradition of St Michael? ›

Guardian of the Church

The tradition of Michael as prince-protector of the Jewish people was adopted by the Christian Church. Saint Michael has long been recognized as the protector and guardian of the Church itself and the angel of the Blessed Sacrament.

How to honor St. Michael? ›

Those praying the 40 Day prayer to St. Michael are encouraged to make a small personal sacrifice to God each day. Say the supplications and prayers each day beginning on August 20 and concluding on September 28. Then, on the 40th day, pray the Consecration.

What is the prayer for Michaelmas? ›

O glorious Archangel St. Michael, Prince of the heavenly host, defend us in battle, and in the struggle which is ours against the principalities and Powers, against the rulers of this world of darkness, against spirits of evil in high places (Eph 6:12).

What religion celebrates Michaelmas? ›

Michaelmas, Christian feast of St. Michael the Archangel, celebrated in the Western churches on September 29. Given St. Michael's traditional position as leader of the heavenly armies, veneration of all angels was eventually incorporated into his feast day.

What to eat on Michaelmas? ›

It was an important tradition to eat a goose which had been fattened on the remains of the harvested fields, in order to protect against times of financial hardship through winter. There was a rhyme which went: Eat a goose on Michaelmas Day, Want not for money all the year.

Why do they call it Michaelmas? ›

Michaelmas term derives its name from the Feast of St Michael and All Angels, which falls on 29 September. The term runs from September or October to Christmas.

What is the story of St Michaelmas? ›

One legend from the British Isles holds that when St. Michael defeated Satan, he cast Satan into a particularly prickly blackberry bush—a tale that developed into the practice of making blackberry jam and pies leading up to Michaelmas and avoiding the berries once the feast had passed.

What is the Waldorf Michaelmas tradition? ›

Michaelmas is typically the first festival of the new school year celebrated in Waldorf schools. The festival usually includes a harvest theme with food such as apple cider, fresh baked bread, and pumpkin muffins, as well as games and activities of courage.

What is Saint Michael the patron saint of? ›

Saint Michael is the patron saint of banking as well as of grocers and the police. Saint Michael lead the angelic forces against Satan to expel him and his followers from heaven (Revelation 12:7-9). In his hand are the scales with which he weighs the souls of the dead so that they can be consigned to heaven or hell.

What is Lent and Michaelmas? ›

Michael's Lent is the period of prayer and fasting in which St. Francis of Assisi received stigmata. It became tradition in the history of the Franciscans to imitate St. Francis in his prayer and fasting but that has sense fallen out of practice.

What are the traditions of Assumption day? ›

On the feast day itself they have all kinds of fruit blessed in church and serve them at dinner. They also present each other with baskets of fruit on Assumption Day. From early centuries the Feast of the Assumption was a day of great religious processions.

What are some traditions during All Saints Day? ›

Families try to gather together for both All Saints' Day and the All Souls' Day (Zaduszki), the official day to commemorate the departed faithful. The celebrations begin with tending to family graves and the surrounding graveyards, lighting candles and leaving flowers.

What is the Catholic tradition for All Saints Day? ›

Every time we go to Mass, we remember the saints in a special way in the Eucharist. Other traditions on this day include reading and learning about the saints, praying to the saints – especially one's Confirmation Saint – and asking for their intercession so that we, too might become saints.

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