Rental Property Cash Flow (2024)

Download a rental property analysis worksheet for Microsoft Excel® | Updated 8/18/2021

This spreadsheet is for people who are thinking about purchasing rental property for the purpose of cash flow and leverage. It is a fairly basic worksheet for doing a rental property valuation, including calculation of net operating income, capitalization rate, cash flow, and cash on cash return.

This worksheet is not going to teach you how to be a good real estate investor. It is just a simple tool to help you put into practice some techniques for property valuation and cash flow analysis. Disclaimer: I am not a professional real estate investor. I created this spreadsheet based on experience as a landlord and from various references.

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Cash Flow Analysis Template

for Excel or Google Sheets

Download

⤓ Excel (.xlsx)

For: Excel 2007 or later

⤓ Google Sheets

License: Private Use (not for distribution or resale)

"No installation, no macros - just a simple spreadsheet" - by Jon Wittwer

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Description

The calculations for doing a rental property valuation and cash flow analysis are not very complex. This Excel spreadsheet makes things even more simple by providing a convenient way to calculate and compare results.

Edit the cells with the light blue background. Always double-check calculations because you don't want to make an important financial decision only to find out later that you had accidentally overwritten or messed up one of the formulas.

For example, if you add more rows to the operating expenses, double check the formula used to total the expenses to make sure it is summing all of the expenses.

The numbers included in the spreadsheet or in the screenshot above are theoretical examples only and are provided only to help show you how to enter data. Some basic instructions for doing the analysis are included below, but you should also consult your team (accountant, tax advisor, property manager, legal rep, etc.) before making real estate investment decisions.

You can find other spreadsheets that provide a more thorough investment analysis (such as 10-year cash flow projections). This one was designed for people who are still learning the basics of rental property investing for cash flow.

Update 10/26/2018 - Fixed error associated with cells D50-D51 in scenario B. Formulas are now the same as cells C50-51.

How to Use this Spreadsheet

Step 1: Estimate Rental Income and Expenses

You may be able to get some information from a real estate sales brochure or proforma, but you should also verify all numbers. For example, you could request a rent roll to determine actual rent and vacancy in the past year.

The expenses will depend on many things, including the type of property, age, location, condition and whether you are using a property management firm or trying to handle it all yourself. You can usually find out the exact real estate taxes by looking online. Your property manager may be able to help you come up with estimates on other expenses. Like any investment, it is extremely important that you do proper research before purchasing real estate.

Step 2: Enter a Cap Rate to Calculate the Property Valuation

With an accurate picture of what rent you can charge and the operating expenses, you can now enter your desired capitalization rate (or the cap rate you can reasonably expect for your location) to determine the property valuation, or the initial offer price.

What is Cap Rate?

The capitalization rate is your expected rate of return on your investment, calculated as Net Operating Income divided by the Asset Value. It has to do with whether the income minus expenses provides a decent return based on the value of the property, and does not take into account leverage (money you may have borrowed). If you pay cash for the property or fully pay off the loan, this is the return you'd be expecting. If it's under 3%, you should ask yourself if it might be easier to invest in a CD. If it's over 10%, you are receiving excellent income compared to the value of the property.

Next, enter the actual purchase price. The loan information is based on the actual purchase price.

You will notice that in this worksheet, we didn't start off by listing the property value or asking price. Read the book "The ABCs of Real Estate Investing" by Ken McElroy if you'd like to understand why I set up the spreadsheet the way I did. (hint: the valuation does not depend on the asking price)

Step 3: Enter Loan Information to Calculate Cash-on-Cash Return

The financial leverage you get from a loan is one of the main purposes of investing in rental property. The cash-on-cash return is the key metric calculated by this worksheet. It is the net annual "cash flow" divided by your initial "cash" investment (thus "cash on cash"). The cap rate percentage is the same regardless of whether you have a loan or own the property outright. The cash-on-cash return is where you see the effect of leveraging the bank's money.

The spreadsheet assumes the loan is a fixed rate loan. Enter your down payment, fees, and interest rate to calculate the initial investment and total debt service.

Note that the net cash flow and the cash on cash return are both pre-tax calculations. Even though there may be additional tax benefits such as depreciation and deduction of interest payments, these are not part of the cap rate, cash flow, or cash on cash return calculations.

Summary of the Formulas Used

Effective Rental Income = Rental Income - Vacancy and Credit Losses

Net Operating Income = Operating Income - Operating Expenses

Valuation (Offer Price) = Net Operating Income / Desired Cap Rate

Capitalization Rate = Net Operating Income / Purchase Price

Note: Capitalization rate may be based on the current property value instead of the purchase price.

Total Debt Service = Principal Payment + Interest Payment

Annual Cash Flow = Net Operating Income - Total Debt Service

Initial Investment = Down Payment + Acquisition Costs and Loan Fees

Cash on Cash Return = Annual Cash Flow / Initial Cash Investment

Resources and References

Disclaimer: The spreadsheet and information on this page is meant for educational and informational purposes only. Please verify all calculations and consult a qualified financial professional before making any decisions using these materials.

Rental Property Cash Flow (2024)

FAQs

What is a good cash flow on a rental property? ›

Keep in mind, when it comes to real estate cash flow, calculating your expenses and rental property income will be your number one key to success. Anything around 7% or 8% is the average ROI. However, if you'd really like to succeed, you should always aim higher at around 15%.

What is the rule for rental cash flow? ›

The 50% rule says a rental property's net cash flow should be 50% or more of the gross rent less the mortgage payment (P&I). Here is the formula you can use for that: Net cash flow = (gross rent x 50 %) - mortgage P&I.

How profitable is a rental property? ›

It is generally recommended to aim for an ROI of 10-15%. However, the ROI that is considered “good” or “bad” is dependent on an individual's financial standing and the particular property they choose to invest in.

What is the 2 rule for rental properties? ›

Definition of the 2% Rule

For example, if a property costs $200,000, it should bring in at least $4,000 per month in rent ($200,000 x 0.02 = $4,000) for the 2% rule to be satisfied. The idea is that properties meeting this threshold are more likely to bring positive cash flow and provide good returns.

How many rental properties to make 100k? ›

The amount of capital needed to generate $100,000 in annual income from rental properties depends on factors like cash flow, financing, and property types. For example, if you have an average cash flow of $1,000 per month per property, you would need approximately 8-10 properties to achieve $100,000 in annual income.

What is a good ROI on rental property? ›

In general, a good ROI on rental properties is between 5-10% which compares to the average investment return from stocks. However, there are plenty of factors that affect ROI. A higher ROI often also comes with higher risks, so it's important to compare the reward with the risks.

What is the 1 rule in rental investment? ›

What is the 1% rule in relation to the property's purchase price? The 1% rule states that a rental property's income should be at least 1% of the property's purchase price. For example, if a rental property is purchased for $200,000, the monthly rental income should be at least $2,000.

Is rental property cash flow taxed? ›

The rental income that you receive is taxable income, but you can reduce that income by the expenses of the property. For example, if you collect rental income of $12,000 but have expenses of $10,000, you will pay tax on the $2,000 profit.

What is a good cash on cash return on a rental property? ›

Q: What is a good cash-on-cash return? A: It depends on the investor, the local market, and your expectations of future value appreciation. Some real estate investors are happy with a safe and predictable CoC return of 7% – 10%, while others will only consider a property with a cash-on-cash return of at least 15%.

Can you live off rental income? ›

Is it possible to live off passive income from a rental property? Most people invest in real estate to achieve long-term financial goals and security. If you can cover your expenses and maintain positive cash flow, it is possible that your rental home (or homes) could bring a steady stream of passive income.

What rental properties are most profitable? ›

High-Tenant Properties – Typically, properties with a high number of tenants will give the best return on investment. These properties include RVs, self-storage, apartment complexes, and office spaces.

Can you become a millionaire from rental property? ›

Every year, you're paying off a little more, and every year, residential and commercial properties are increasing in value. Your cash flow is increasing, your net worth is increasing, and you're getting wealthier. And that's how you build wealth and become a millionaire through rental properties.

What is the 80 20 rule for rental property? ›

In the realm of real estate investment, the 80/20 rule, or Pareto Principle, is a potent tool for maximizing returns. It posits that a small fraction of actions—typically around 20%—drives a disproportionately large portion of results, often around 80%.

What is the 50% rent rule? ›

The rule suggests that about half of the property's rental income should cover expenses, and the other half is an estimate of the property's net operating income (NOI). The 50% rule is a starting point and not a strict formula. Different property types, locations, and market conditions can affect actual expenses.

What is the rule of 72 in rental property? ›

Just take the number 72 and divide it by the interest rate you hope to earn. That number gives you the approximate number of years it will take for your investment to double.

What is a good cash-on-cash for rental property? ›

Q: What is a good cash-on-cash return? A: It depends on the investor, the local market, and your expectations of future value appreciation. Some real estate investors are happy with a safe and predictable CoC return of 7% – 10%, while others will only consider a property with a cash-on-cash return of at least 15%.

How much cash should you have for rental property? ›

Three to six months of fixed monthly expenses

This would include mortgage, taxes, insurance, and any other reoccurring expenses like property management, lawn care, or utilities. This method ensures you have ample funds should you have a nonpaying tenant or during tenant turnover.

What is considered a good cash flow? ›

To have a healthy free cash flow, you want to have enough free cash on hand to be able to pay all of your company's bills and costs for a month, and the more you surpass that number, the better. Some investors and analysts believe that a good free cash flow for a SaaS company is anywhere from about 20% to 25%.

What is the 50 percent rule in real estate? ›

The 50% rule or 50 rule in real estate says that half of the gross income generated by a rental property should be allocated to operating expenses when determining profitability. The rule is designed to help investors avoid the mistake of underestimating expenses and overestimating profits.

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