Overview of managed disk encryption options - Azure Virtual Machines (2024)

  • Article

There are several types of encryption available for your managed disks, including Azure Disk Encryption (ADE), Server-Side Encryption (SSE), and encryption at host.

  • Azure Disk Storage Server-Side Encryption (also referred to as encryption-at-rest or Azure Storage encryption) is always enabled and automatically encrypts data stored on Azure managed disks (OS and data disks) when persisting on the Storage Clusters. When configured with a Disk Encryption Set (DES), it supports customer-managed keys as well. It doesn't encrypt temp disks or disk caches. For full details, see Server-side encryption of Azure Disk Storage.

  • Encryption at host is a Virtual Machine option that enhances Azure Disk Storage Server-Side Encryption to ensure that all temp disks and disk caches are encrypted at rest and flow encrypted to the Storage clusters. For full details, see Encryption at host - End-to-end encryption for your VM data.

  • Azure Disk Encryption helps protect and safeguard your data to meet your organizational security and compliance commitments. ADE encrypts the OS and data disks of Azure virtual machines (VMs) inside your VMs by using the DM-Crypt feature of Linux or the BitLocker feature of Windows. ADE is integrated with Azure Key Vault to help you control and manage the disk encryption keys and secrets, with the option to encrypt with a key encryption key (KEK). For full details, see Azure Disk Encryption for Linux VMs or Azure Disk Encryption for Windows VMs.

  • Confidential disk encryption binds disk encryption keys to the virtual machine's TPM and makes the protected disk content accessible only to the VM. The TPM and VM guest state is always encrypted in attested code using keys released by a secure protocol that bypasses the hypervisor and host operating system. Currently only available for the OS disk; temp disk support is in preview. Encryption at host may be used for other disks on a Confidential VM in addition to Confidential Disk Encryption. For full details, see DCasv5 and ECasv5 series confidential VMs.

Encryption is part of a layered approach to security and should be used with other recommendations to secure Virtual Machines and their disks. For full details, see Security recommendations for virtual machines in Azure and Restrict import/export access to managed disks.

Comparison

Here's a comparison of Disk Storage SSE, ADE, encryption at host, and Confidential disk encryption.

Azure Disk Storage Server-Side EncryptionEncryption at HostAzure Disk EncryptionConfidential disk encryption (For the OS disk only)
Encryption at rest (OS and data disks)
Temp disk encryption✅ Only supported with platform managed keyIn Preview
Encryption of caches
Data flows encrypted between Compute and Storage
Customer control of keys✅ When configured with DES✅ When configured with DES✅ When configured with KEK✅ When configured with DES
HSM SupportAzure Key Vault Premium and Managed HSMAzure Key Vault Premium and Managed HSMAzure Key Vault PremiumAzure Key Vault Premium and Managed HSM
Does not use your VM's CPU
Works for custom images❌ Does not work for custom Linux images
Enhanced Key Protection
Microsoft Defender for Cloud disk encryption status*UnhealthyHealthyHealthyNot applicable

Important

For Confidential disk encryption, Microsoft Defender for Cloud does not currently have a recommendation that is applicable.

* Microsoft Defender for Cloud has the following disk encryption recommendations:

Next steps

Overview of managed disk encryption options - Azure Virtual Machines (2024)

FAQs

What are different kinds of encryption which Azure Managed disk supports? ›

There are several types of encryption available for your managed disks, including Azure Disk Encryption (ADE), Server-Side Encryption (SSE), and encryption at host.

What are the different encryption options for VM? ›

VM data can be encrypted using vSAN whole-datastore encryption or VMware's VMcrypt solution. There are important differences between these two methods, and this article will compare both encryption solutions.

Which of the following are features of Azure Disk Encryption? ›

Azure Disk Encryption leverages either the DM-Crypt feature of Linux or the BitLocker feature of Windows to encrypt managed disks with customer-managed keys within the guest VM.

What is the difference between encryption at host and Azure Disk Encryption? ›

Encryption at host does not use your VM's CPU and doesn't impact your VM's performance. For more info. Azure Disk Encryption (depending on your OS) leverages your VMs encryption features, such as BitLocker for Windows or DM Crypt for Linux, in order to provide volume encryption for the OS and data disks of the VM.

What is the difference between MACsec and IPsec Azure? ›

MACsec secures the physical connections between you and Microsoft. IPsec secures the end-to-end connection between you and your virtual networks on Azure. You can enable them independently.

What are the three 3 different encryption methods? ›

There are different types of encryption techniques, but the following three are the most common and widely used: Symmetric Encryption, Asymmetric Encryption, and Hashing.

What are the different types of encryption models? ›

There are two types of encryption in widespread use today: symmetric and asymmetric encryption.

What type of encryption does Azure Linux VM use? ›

Azure Disk Encryption for Linux virtual machines (VMs) uses the DM-Crypt feature of Linux to provide full disk encryption of the OS disk and data disks. Additionally, it provides encryption of the temporary disk when using the EncryptFormatAll feature.

What are the redundancy options for Azure managed disks? ›

Azure managed disks offer two storage redundancy options, zone-redundant storage (ZRS), and locally redundant storage.

What is the difference between Azure managed disk and Azure files? ›

Azure Disk vs.

Azure Files costs more compared to Azure disks; however, Azure Files can be accessed from different clients at the same time. Azure disk access is restricted to the VMs to which they are attached.

How to tell if Azure VM is using managed disks? ›

Follow the below steps to determine the disk type:
  1. Login to the Azure portal.
  2. Select the VM in question.
  3. Select the disk to check. Look at the disk's URL.
  4. An Unmanaged Disk's URL will look like: /storage_account_name.blob.core.windows.net/VM_name/VM_name.vhd.
  5. A Managed Disk's URL will look like:
Dec 19, 2021

What level of encryption is Azure disk? ›

Azure Storage Service Encryption

Storage Service Encryption uses 256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption, which is one of the strongest block ciphers available. AES handles encryption, decryption, and key management transparently.

How to Azure Disk Encryption? ›

Encrypt the virtual machine

Under Encryption settings > Disks to encrypt, select OS and data disks. Under Encryption settings, choose Select a key vault and key for encryption. On the Select key from Azure Key Vault screen, select Create New. To the left of Key vault and key, select Click to select a key.

What encryption method does Azure use? ›

Data in Azure Storage is encrypted and decrypted transparently using 256-bit AES encryption, one of the strongest block ciphers available, and is FIPS 140-2 compliant. Azure Storage encryption is similar to BitLocker encryption on Windows.

What type of encryption does Azure files use? ›

About Azure Storage service-side encryption

Data in Azure Storage is encrypted and decrypted transparently using 256-bit AES encryption, one of the strongest block ciphers available, and is FIPS 140-2 compliant. Azure Storage encryption is similar to BitLocker encryption on Windows.

Which type of encryption is commonly used to encrypt disk drives? ›

Hard drive data is encrypted through translation into unreadable code called ciphertext. Cipher lengths for hard drive encryption is typically either 128-bit or 256-bit. The 256-bit encryption is recommended, as it provides stronger security.

What type of encryption is enabled for the Azure SQL Database? ›

Azure SQL offers encryption at rest capability to customers through transparent data encryption (TDE). Extending TDE with customer-managed key (CMK) enables data protection at rest where the TDE protector (the encryption key) is stored in an Azure Key Vault that encrypts the database encryption keys.

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