Maximiser l'utilisation de GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) sur les commutateurs Juniper (2024)

Les tunnels GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) offrent une solution innovante pour assurer le transport sécurisé des paquets à travers un réseau public en les encapsulant. Cette technologie, décrite dans le RFC2784, offre une connectivité virtuelle point-à-point entre les commutateurs source et de destination, permettant ainsi le transfert transparent de paquets de données.

Aperçu de GRE

Qu'est-ce que GRE?

GRE encapsule les paquets de données, les redirigeant vers un dispositif de désencapsulation qui les achemine vers leur destination finale. Cette méthode crée une illusion de connexion point-à-point entre les commutateurs source et destination, en rendant le processus transparent pour les protocoles de routage tels que RIP et OSPF.

Tunnelisation GRE

La source du tunnel encapsule les paquets dans un paquet GRE, qui à son tour est encapsulé dans un protocole de livraison. Le commutateur distant, agissant en tant que routeur de tunnel, extrait le paquet tunnelisé et le transmet à sa destination.

Configuration et Limitations

Limitations de Configuration

Bien que les commutateurs QFX5100 et OCX prennent en charge jusqu'à 512 tunnels GRE, certaines limitations sont à noter. Les commutateurs EX supportent jusqu'à 500 tunnels GRE pour les paquets IPv4 ou IPv6, avec une possibilité de configuration de jusqu'à 333 tunnels si un protocole passager est utilisé en plus d'IPv4 et IPv6.

Classe de Service sur les Tunnels GRE

En cas de congestion, la classe de service (CoS) de Junos OS divise le trafic en classes, permettant l'application de niveaux différents de débit et de perte de paquets. Sur un commutateur GRE, les composants CoS sont disponibles à la source et au point de terminaison du tunnel, offrant une flexibilité de gestion du trafic.

Application de Filtres Pare-feu au Trafic GRE

Les filtres pare-feu définissent les règles pour autoriser, refuser ou transmettre les paquets transitant par une interface du commutateur. En raison de l'encapsulation et de la désencapsulation effectuées par GRE, certaines contraintes s'appliquent à l'application des filtres pare-feu, détaillées dans le tableau 1.

Utilisation Avancée: Désencapsulation avec un Filtre Pare-feu

La désencapsulation du trafic GRE peut être réalisée efficacement en utilisant un filtre pare-feu sur les commutateurs QFX5100, QFX10000 et OCX. Cette approche offre des avantages significatifs en termes de scalabilité, de performance et de flexibilité, éliminant la nécessité de créer une interface de tunnel dédiée.

Limitations et Recommandations

Certaines fonctionnalités ne sont pas prises en charge avec GRE, notamment MPLS sur les tunnels GRE, les keepalives GRE, les clés GRE, la fragmentation des paquets de charge utile et les numéros de séquence pour les paquets fragmentés. Il est crucial de comprendre ces limitations pour une implémentation réussie.

Recommandations Spécifiques

Il est recommandé d'éviter la configuration d'une interface GRE et de l'interface de source de tunnel sous-jacente dans deux instances de routage différentes sur les commutateurs QFX. Cette configuration peut entraîner une erreur de validation.

Conclusion

La mise en œuvre judicieuse de GRE sur les commutateurs Juniper offre une solution efficace pour le transport sécurisé des paquets à travers des réseaux publics. En optimisant la configuration, en tenant compte des limitations et en exploitant les fonctionnalités avancées telles que la désencapsulation via des filtres pare-feu, vous pouvez maximiser les avantages de cette technologie. Explorez les possibilités offertes par GRE pour une connectivité réseau robuste et sécurisée.

Maximiser l'utilisation de GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) sur les commutateurs Juniper (2024)

FAQs

What is generic routing encapsulation used for? ›

Generic Routing Encapsulation, or GRE, is a protocol for wrapping data packets inside secondary data packets in order to set up a direct point-to-point network connection.

What is the purpose of the GRE tunnel? ›

A GRE tunnel functions like a VPN but without encryption; it transports packets from one endpoint to another through the public network. GRE tunnels typically use keepalive packets to determine if a tunnel is up.

Which three protocols can be encapsulated within a GRE tunnel on a Junos device? ›

This lets you run a GRE tunnel over an IPv6 network. Packet payload families that can be encapsulated within the IPv6 GRE tunnels include IPv4, IPv6, MPLS, and ISO. Fragmentation and reassembly of the IPv6 delivery packets is not supported.

How does the GRE protocol work? ›

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) is a protocol that encapsulates packets in order to route various protocols over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. GRE is defined by Internet RFC 2784. GRE was developed as a tunneling tool meant to carry any OSI Layer 3 network protocol over an IP network.

What is the difference between IPSec and generic routing encapsulation GRE? ›

GRE is a tunneling protocol which is used to transport multicast, broadcast and non-IP packets like IPX etc. IPSec is an encryption protocol. IPSec can only transport unicast packets not multicast & broadcast. Hence we wrap it GRE first and then into IPSec which is called as GRE over IPSec.

What is the difference between GRE and MPLS? ›

MPLS is used to carry multiple networks over a single backbone - typically a service provider network. GRE is used to create a tunnel so that it appears as one link from source to destination.

Is GRE port 47 TCP or UDP? ›

The network connection is done via the GRE protocol (IP protocol number 47. For more information, refer to Wikipedia: List of IP protocol numbers. Since GRE is an IP protocol, it is not based on either TCP or UDP and has no concept of ports. It is an IP protocol by itself.

Under what conditions is a GRE tunnel used? ›

Create a GRE tunnel when you want to direct packets that are destined for an IP address to take a certain point-to-point path, for example to a cloud-based proxy or to a partner network.

Does GRE use TCP or UDP? ›

GRE packets that are encapsulated within IP directly, use IP protocol type 47 in the IPv4 header's Protocol field or the IPv6 header's Next Header field. For performance reasons, GRE can also be encapsulated in UDP packets. Better throughput may be achieved by using Equal-cost multi-path routing.

What is the difference between IP tunnel and GRE tunnel? ›

IP-in-IP is an even simpler encapsulating protocol, using this technique IP packets are encapsulated only in an additional IP header. So unlike GRE tunnels an IP-in-IP tunnel cannot carry multicast traffic, other protocols or IPv6 between networks.

Is GRE a layer 3 protocol? ›

GRE is an IP encapsulation protocol that is used to transport packets over a network. tunnels are in IPv4 Layer-3 mode.

Why use GRE instead of IPsec? ›

IT teams should use IPsec when they require secure IP tunneling. They should use GRE when they require tunneling without privacy and when they need to tunnel multiple protocols or multicast. Teams can combine GRE on top of IPsec when they need GRE's multiprotocol functionality combined with IPsec's data protection.

What is the 80 20 rule for GRE? ›

80% of your studying is done in 20% of the time you spend on studying. So as you can see, your version of studying doesn't just mean studying. If you take a typical 2-hour study session and break it down, you will find out that 20% of 3 hours is 24 minutes.

Why is the GRE being phased out? ›

“The decision to eliminate the GRE was based on evidence of bias and structural barriers that we as a school aim to eliminate to ensure that all students have access to high-quality educational programs,” said lead author Lisa Sullivan, associate dean for education and professor of biostatistics at Boston University ...

Does GRE encrypt data? ›

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) is used when IP packets need to be sent from one network to another, without being parsed or treated like IP packets by any intervening routers. However, they are not secure, does not provide encryption. With GRE we can configure a virtual tunnel between two endpoints.

Why do we use encapsulation in router? ›

Encapsulation adds information to a packet as it travels to its destination. Decapsulation reverses the process by removing the info, so a destination device can read the original data.

What is the purpose of encapsulation in networking? ›

Encapsulation and deencapsulation allow the design of modular communication protocols so to logically separate the function of each communications layer, and abstract the structure of the communicated information over the other communications layers.

What is encapsulation primarily used for? ›

Encapsulation is a way to restrict the direct access to some components of an object, so users cannot access state values for all of the variables of a particular object. Encapsulation can be used to hide both data members and data functions or methods associated with an instantiated class or object.

What is the purpose of IP encapsulation? ›

Understanding the encapsulation process in TCP/IP is crucial for effective communication for several reasons: 1. Efficient Data Transmission: By encapsulating data at each layer, the TCP/IP model ensures that the necessary information is added to the data for successful transmission and delivery.

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