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- Is personal data really gone when it is deleted?
- Norton
- January 17, 2018 4 min read
Ever wonder what happens when you drag old emails into the trash or delete personal records to free up space on a hard drive? You might be surprised to learn that your data may not really be gone.
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Most of us are familiar with deleting data, we do it almost every day. We drag old emails into the trash and delete personal records to free up space on a computer’s hard drive. But what really happens to all that data? Where does it go, and is it really gone forever?
Some people will be relieved to know that, most of the time, deleted files are not permanently gone. Many of us have at one time or another accidentally deleted items we did not mean to. In this case, the ability to bring those files back from the dead is usually good news.
The bad news is that most people don’t think about these files unless they need to recover them. Moreover, most people don’t realize they’re not actually gone.
What if someone else wanted to get these deleted files? How could they do it? And could you stop them?
What really happens when you delete a file?
When you drag a folder into the trash bin on your desktop, all you’re doing is deleting the file system — the road the operating system takes to retrieve the data. The file still exists on the hard drive and could easily be retrieved with recovery software. So, just because you can’t see a file in the directory after it’s been deleted doesn’t mean that it’s not there. This is a security issue most computer users do not take seriously until it’s too late.
Deleted files are at risk
Cybercriminals and hackers can gain access to personal information stored in your computer even after you think you’ve deleted the files. This includes everything from financial documents to scanned images. If you think those files are gone because they’ve been deleted, think again. Having a security suite like Norton Security will give you all the protection you need to keep your device safe. But what happens to your device after you discard it?
Computer forensics is a common term in today’s news headlines and usually refers to the recovery of illegal files, information, or content from a confiscated computer. However, cybercriminals utilize the same techniques and tool as government agencies and law enforcement to access deleted files.
When is deleting a file okay?
You should feel confident deleting files if they do not contain personal or sensitive information, and would be of no value to anyone else.
Deleting a file would be adequate if you were simply trying to free up space on the hard drive or reduce clutter.
Always ask yourself these three questions before deleting data:
- Will I ever need this again?
- Could someone use this information against me?
- Would I be uncomfortable if a stranger recovered this data?
If the answer is “no” to all three of these questions, then deleting the file is sufficient.
When is deleting a file not enough?
Files containing personal information, business records, and financial reports are not safe if merely deleted. For these documents, you need to take further steps to ensure that the records are irretrievable and that cybercriminals cannot find them on your hard drive.
Ask yourself those same three questions. If the answer is “yes” to all three, you will need to wipe the data from your hard drive.
How to permanently delete data
Formatting a hard drive and wiping it clean are not the same things. Formatted hard drives will still contain retrievable data. If you wish to permanently delete files, you will need to overwrite the data with special software.
There are free versions of eraser software for both Macs and PCs. Always back up anything you do not wish to lose once the hard drive has been wiped clean, after which it will be impossible or very expensive to retrieve any lost data.
You should consider wiping a hard drive to protect your personal information in all of the following cases:
- Selling a computer
- Recycling a computer
- Giving a computer away
- Donating a computer
- Cleaning out unnecessary files
Your personal information will always be retrievable on a computer’s hard drive unless you take the necessary steps to wipe the hard drive clean. Otherwise, these files are there for the taking, and anyone with recovery software and bad intentions could access them and invade your privacy.
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Contents
As a cybersecurity expert with a profound understanding of data security and privacy, it's imperative to address the misconception surrounding the deletion of personal data. The article raises crucial questions about the fate of deleted files, and my expertise in this domain allows me to shed light on the concepts discussed.
Understanding File Deletion: The article accurately points out that merely dragging a file into the trash or deleting it doesn't erase the actual data. When a file is deleted, what happens is the removal of the file system reference, not the data itself. The data persists on the hard drive until overwritten by new information.
Security Implications: The author rightly emphasizes the security risks associated with deleted files. Cybercriminals and hackers can exploit this vulnerability, gaining unauthorized access to sensitive information even after users believe they've permanently deleted it. This includes financial documents and scanned images, making it a serious privacy concern.
Computer Forensics: The reference to computer forensics is apt, highlighting that both cybercriminals and law enforcement agencies use similar techniques and tools for accessing deleted files. This aligns with the growing importance of digital forensics in investigating cybercrimes.
When Deleting is Enough: The article provides valuable advice on when it's acceptable to delete files, emphasizing factors such as the absence of personal or sensitive information and the lack of value to others. This aligns with the principles of data minimization and prudent data management.
When Deleting is Not Enough: For files containing personal or sensitive information, the article recommends taking additional steps to ensure irretrievability. This includes wiping the data from the hard drive, a critical step often overlooked by users.
Permanently Deleting Data: The distinction between formatting a hard drive and wiping it clean is a key point. The article rightly suggests using specialized software to overwrite the data for permanent deletion. This aligns with best practices for secure data disposal.
Scenarios Requiring Data Wiping: The article outlines scenarios where wiping a hard drive is essential, such as selling, recycling, or donating a computer. This practical advice reflects a deep understanding of the potential privacy risks associated with leaving retrievable data on discarded devices.
In conclusion, the article effectively raises awareness about the persistence of deleted data and the associated privacy risks. As a cybersecurity enthusiast, I endorse the importance of implementing proper data disposal practices, including the use of secure deletion tools, to safeguard personal information in an era where digital privacy is paramount.
