How much down payment do you need to buy a house? (2024)

A down payment is the amount of cash a buyer pays for a home up front, with the remainder covered by their mortgage. If you're saving for a house, you've probably been told you need to have enough for a 20% down payment.

But the typical down payment hasn't been that high in decades.

Below, CNBC Select looks at where the 20% recommendation came from, how big your down payment really needs to be and more.

What we'll cover

  • Do you need to put 20% down?
  • How much do I need for a down payment?
  • How to save for a down payment?
  • FAQ
  • Bottom line

Do you need a 20% down payment?

No, depending on your loan and qualifications, it's possible to put much less down — or even nothing at all.

The 20% down payment rule emerged during the Great Depression, when nearly half of mortgages in urban areas were delinquent. Even as the economy recovered, many lenders still mandated 20% down in the 1950s and 1960s.

Read more: What is mortgage insurance?

The advent of private mortgage insurance in the late 1950s meant lenders could be protected if a borrower defaulted. In 1971, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board allowed savings and loans to approve conventional mortgages with as little as 5% down with PMI.

By 2005, the median down payment was only 13%, according to a Washington Post analysis of National Association of Realtors data.

If you do put down less than 20%, however, you will still likely be required to obtain PMI, which can cost 0.50% of your mortgage on average, and keep it until you have at least 20% equity in your house.

How much do I need for a down payment?

The size of your down payment depends on the type of loan you get, your mortgage lender and your financial situation. In January 2024, the median down payment was 14.2%, according to data from the real estate data analysis firm ATTOM.

Many buyers make a smaller down payment, especially first-time homebuyers who don't have equity. Qualified first-time buyers can put as little as 3.5% down with an FHA loan, for example.

It's also possible to buy a home with no money down — typically through an alternative lender, like a credit union, or with government-backed mortgages like USDA and VA loans.

To help homebuyers who don't have enough, government agencies and private lenders have down-payment assistance programs. Freddie Mac's DPA One guide includes hundreds that provide grants, low- and no-interest loans and other down-payment support all over the U.S.

Benefits of a smaller down payment

A smaller down payment will get you into your home quicker and leave you more money to cover repairs and insurance and to invest in other financial goals.

Ally Bank has a Fannie Mae-backed HomeReady loan that lets qualified borrowers put down as little as 3% on a fixed-rate mortgage with no lender's fee and an online preapproval process.You'll need at least a 620 credit score to be considered, however, and have an annual income that doesn't exceed 80% of the median income in your area.

Ally Home

Terms apply.

Chase Bank's DreaMaker loan also allows borrowers to make a 3% down payment, and you can earn a discount with a Chase checking or savings account. In some states, Chase will provide qualified applicants with a grant of up to $7,500 toward a down payment or closing costs.

Chase Bank

  • Annual Percentage Rate (APR)

    Apply online for personalized rates; fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages included

  • Types of loans

    Conventional loans, FHA loans, VA loans, DreaMaker℠ loans and Jumbo loans

  • Terms

    10 – 30 years

  • Credit needed

    620

  • Minimum down payment

    3% if moving forward with a DreaMaker℠ loan

  • Terms apply.

  • Offers first-time homebuyer assistance?

    Yes — click here for details

If you do make a smaller down payment, keep in mind you'll start out with less equity in your home.

Benefits of a larger down payment

Having more set aside for a down payment makes borrowers more attractive to mortgage lenders, so it can earn you a lower interest rate and fewer fees. If you have 20% available, you can likely avoid mortgage insurance.

A bigger down payment also means you'll own more equity in the home right away. If you expect to refinance your mortgage, you'll typically need 20% home equity.

How to save for a down payment

If you've set homebuying as a medium- to long-term goal, there are financial products that can grow your money faster so you can afford a healthy down payment (and have something set aside for closing costs and emergencies).

High-yield savings accounts (HYSAs) can earn more than 5% interest while still allowing you to make withdrawals if something unexpected happens.Western Alliance Bank's HYSA currently earns an APR of 5.32%, one of the highest CNBC Select has reviewed. You only need a dollar to open an account, and there's no minimum balance requirement or monthly fees.

Western Alliance Bank High-Yield Savings Account

Western Alliance Bank is a Member FDIC.

  • Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

    5.20% APY

  • Minimum balance

    $1 minimum deposit

  • Monthly fee

    None

  • Maximum transactions

    Up to 6 transactions each month

  • Excessive transactions fee

    The bank may charge fees for non-sufficient funds

  • Overdraft fee

    No overdraft fee

  • Offer checking account?

    No

  • Offer ATM card?

    No

Terms apply.

If you want extra incentives to save, a UFB Secure Savings account has them: It starts with an APY of up to 5.25% but, if you add aUFB Freedom checkingaccount, you can qualify for an additional 0.20%. You'll need to set up a monthly direct deposit of at least $5,000, maintain a minimum balance of $10,000 and make 10 debit card transactions per statement cycle. Unlike Western Alliance, a UFB account comes with an ATM card with unlimited withdrawals.

UFB Portfolio Savings

UFB Portfolio Savings is offered by Axos Bank ® , a Member FDIC.

  • Annual Percentage Yield (APY)

    Up to 5.15%APY on any savings balance; add UFB Freedom Checking and meet checking account qualifications to get an additional up to0.20%APY on savings

  • Minimum balance

    $0, no minimum deposit or balance needed for savings

  • Fees

    No monthly maintenance or service fees

  • Overdraft fee

    Overdraft fees may be charged, according to the terms; overdraft protection available

  • ATM access

    Free ATM card with unlimited withdrawals

  • Maximum transactions

    6 per month; terms apply

  • Terms apply.

Read our UFB Portfolio Savings review.

FAQ

A down payment is the portion of the home price the borrower pays upfront.

If you want to avoid mortgage insurance by putting 20% down, your down payment should be $100,000. If you plan to put 8% down (the median for first-time homebuyers) it would be $40,000. If you're a first-time homebuyer with an FHA loan and a 3% down requirement, you would need $15,000.

Yes. Freddie Mac's DPA One guide lists more than 400 programs available throughout the country.

No, many buyers put less down. Between June 2022 and June 2023, the median down payment for first-time homebuyers was 8%, according to NAR. For repeat buyers, it was 19%.

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Bottom line

The 20% down payment rule hasn't been accurate for years. The median down payment for a first-time homebuyer has been less than 10% for nearly three decades — ultimately, how much you put down is up to you. There are benefits and risks to putting less down. Be sure you understand your finances and these risks before you buy.

Why trust CNBC Select?

At CNBC Select, our mission is to provide our readers with high-quality service journalism and comprehensive consumer advice so they can make informed decisions with their money. Every article is based on rigorous reporting by our team of expert writers and editors with extensive knowledge of products. While CNBC Select earns a commission from affiliate partners on many offers and links, we create all our content without input from our commercial team or any outside third parties, and we pride ourselves on our journalistic standards and ethics.

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Read more

Housing prices are up, but homebuyers can soften the blow with a smaller down payment

5 ways to lower your mortgage payment

Rocket Mortgage launches the new ONE+ program: Is the 1% down payment mortgage worth it?

What is homebuyer down payment assistance and how do you get it?

Editorial Note: Opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the Select editorial staff’s alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any third party.

How much down payment do you need to buy a house? (2024)

FAQs

How much down payment do you need to buy a house? ›

Conventional Home Loan Minimum Down Payment

Is 10% down on a home enough? ›

Is 5–10% Down Enough on a House? Remember, if you're a first-time home buyer, a 5–10% down payment is fine.

How much money should I have for a down payment on a house? ›

If you're wondering what percentage you should put down on a house, 20% down is the rule of thumb, but there is no one-size-fits-all figure. For example, some loan programs require a down payment as little as 3% or 5%, and some don't require a down payment at all.

Do you have to put 20 down on a house? ›

A 20 percent down payment may be traditional, but it's not mandatory — in fact, according to 2023 data from the National Association of Realtors, the median down payment for U.S. homebuyers was 14 percent of the purchase price, not 20.

How much of a down payment do I need for a $300,000 house? ›

The down payment needed for a $300,000 house can range from 3% to 20% of the purchase price, which means you'd need to save between $9,000 and $60,000. If you get a conventional loan, that is. You'll need $10,500, or 3.5% of the home price, with a FHA loan.

What credit score is needed to buy a house? ›

The minimum credit score needed for most mortgages is typically around 620. However, government-backed mortgages like Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans typically have lower credit requirements than conventional fixed-rate loans and adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs).

Is 5% down enough on a house? ›

Can I buy a house in California with 5% down? The short answer is yes, it's entirely possible to buy a house in California with a 5% down payment. But there are some situations where a larger investment might be required, including borrowers who need to use a “jumbo” loan for a more expensive purchase.

What is the lowest acceptable down payment on a house? ›

Conventional loans are most often but not always conforming loans, and they're considered the most common mortgage option. The minimum down payment for a conventional mortgage loan is 3% of the purchase price if you're a first-time home buyer, and it's 5% for repeat buyers.

Is $3000 enough for a down payment on a house? ›

How little can a down payment be? “Well, $3,000 is not enough for a down payment on most houses,” says Jill Gonzalez, an analyst with WalletHub. “The lowest percentage of down payment required is 3.5% for an FHA loan.

How much down payment do I need for a $200 000 house? ›

Conventional loans typically require 3-20% down for a $200,000 house. Government-backed loans like FHA, VA, and USDA have different down payment requirements. Your down payment affects your monthly payments, interest rates, and additional costs like PMI.

How to put less money down on a house? ›

One solution is to look for a loan without potentially restrictive eligibility requirements, as with a USDA or VA loan, and instead shop around for a loan that has low down payment policies. Many lenders offer mortgages with as little as 3% down, which may work well for some homebuyers.

How to come up with a down payment for a house fast? ›

Here are some options.
  1. Receive gift money. A gift from a family member or someone else with whom you have a close relationship may be part of your down payment, in some cases. ...
  2. Take a loan from your 401(k) or other retirement plan. ...
  3. Sell something. ...
  4. Receive a windfall. ...
  5. Give your savings a boost.

Is it better to put less down payment on a house? ›

A larger down payment means lower fees and interest over the life of the loan, while the costs of a smaller down payment add up over time: you may pay more in fees and interest. You can often secure better rates with a larger down payment, but you also need to understand how much you can afford.

Can I afford a 300k house on a 70K salary? ›

The house you can afford on a $70K income will likely be between $290,000 to $310,000. Aside from your gross monthly income, lenders look at your credit report, down payment, monthly debt payments (including car payments and personal loans), and your estimated mortgage rate, among other things.

Can I afford a 300k house on a 60k salary? ›

An individual earning $60,000 a year may buy a home worth ranging from $180,000 to over $300,000. That's because your wage isn't the only factor that affects your house purchase budget. Your credit score, existing debts, mortgage rates, and a variety of other considerations must all be taken into account.

How much income do I need to make to afford a $300,000 house? ›

To afford a $300,000 house, you typically need an annual income between $75,000 to $95,000, depending on your financial situation, down payment, credit score, and current market conditions.

Is 10% enough for a mortgage? ›

Can you get a mortgage with a 10% deposit? Yes – most banks like to see that you have a 10% deposit for the property you're buying. With a 10% deposit, you'll be offered lower interest rates. As you're borrowing less and have a lower interest rate, your monthly repayments will be lower.

How much of a down payment do I need for a $400,000 house? ›

You'll need a down payment of $12,000, or 3 percent, if you're buying a $400K house with a conventional loan. Meanwhile, an FHA loan requires a slightly higher down payment of $14,000, equivalent to 3.5 percent of the purchase price.

How much down payment for a 100K house? ›

Down Payment: Unless you are able to obtain a 0% down payment loan, you'll need some money to afford the down payment on a 100K mortgage loan. The average down payment on a home is 13%, as per the National Association of Realtors®. This works out to $13,000 on a $100,000 home.

How much down payment for a 500k house? ›

Conventional loans typically require 3-20% down for a 500k house. Government-backed loans like those from the Federal Housing Administration, VA, and USDA have different down payment requirements. Your down payment affects your monthly payments, interest rates, and additional costs like PMI.

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