Due Diligence in International Investment Law: From the Law of Aliens to Responsible Investment (2024)

Due Diligence in the International Legal Order

Heike Krieger (ed.) et al.

Published:

2020

Online ISBN:

9780191912771

Print ISBN:

9780198869900

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Due Diligence in the International Legal Order

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Aniruddha Rajput

Aniruddha Rajput

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Pages

273–C16.N*

  • Published:

    December 2020

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Rajput, Aniruddha, 'Due Diligence in International Investment Law: From the Law of Aliens to Responsible Investment', in Heike Krieger, Anne Peters, and Leonhard Kreuzer (eds), Due Diligence in the International Legal Order (Oxford, 2020; online edn, Oxford Academic, 18 Feb. 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869900.003.0016, accessed 19 Mar. 2024.

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Abstract

This chapter analyses the prominent role of due diligence in international investment law. It points out that due diligence was relevant in this field as an element of customary law norms requiring compliance with an international minimum standard for the treatment of aliens and prohibiting denial of justice, before modern day investment treaties were concluded. The chapter’s analysis reveals that due diligence underlies host states’ obligation to provide full protection and security and fair and equitable treatment. It underlines that also investors carry a responsibility of due diligence throughout the whole period of their investment and that an investor’s negligence can lead to loss of protection under investment treaties. The chapter argues that due diligence has emerged as a balancing paradigm between protection of foreign investors and regulatory freedom of host states.

Keywords: international investment law, full protection and security, fair and equitable treatment, international minimum standard, due diligence, general international law, investment tribunals

Subject

Public International Law Company and Commercial Law

Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online

Aniruddha Rajput, Due Diligence in International Investment Law In: Due Diligence in the International Legal Order. Edited by: Heike Krieger, Anne Peters, and Leonhard Kreuzer, Oxford University Press (2020). © The Several Contributors. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198869900.003.0016.

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Due Diligence in International Investment Law: From the Law of Aliens to Responsible Investment (2024)

FAQs

What is due diligence in international law? ›

thus refers to a level of judgement, care, prudence and, determination that a State would reasonably be expected to do under particular circ*mstances. 1.2 Purpose. When a State takes action, it has to respect the obligations formulated in. international law. Due diligence is one principle that a State should consider.

What is the due diligence policy of an investment? ›

Due diligence is a systematic way to analyze and mitigate risk from a business or investment decision. An individual investor can conduct due diligence on any stock using readily available public information. The same due diligence strategy will work on many other types of investments.

What are due diligence obligations in international environmental law? ›

Due diligence is integral to international environmental law, stemming from the prevention principle (para 187), which requires States to act diligently to prevent environmental harm.

What is the investor due diligence process? ›

What happens during due diligence? The due diligence process helps the investor determine if its initial decision to provide funding is based on accurate information. As such, investors check your finances, your company's structure, legal documents, key personnel, employment contracts, vendors, clients and more.

What are the 3 examples of due diligence? ›

There are many possible examples of due diligence. Some common examples include investigating the financials of a company before making an investment, researching a person's background before hiring them, or reviewing environmental impact reports before committing to a construction project.

What is the main purpose of due diligence? ›

Due Diligence is a process that involves risk and compliance check, conducting an investigation, review, or audit to verify facts and information about a particular subject.

What are the 4 P's of due diligence? ›

What are the 4 P's of due diligence? The 4 P's of due diligence are People, Performance, Philosophy, and Process.

What are the three principles of due diligence? ›

Below, we take a closer look at the three elements that comprise human rights due diligence – identify and assess, prevent and mitigate and account –, quoting from the Guiding Principles.

What is legal due diligence for investors? ›

Legal due diligence aims to authenticate assumptions concerning key projections about a target's business. It helps assess the target's legal and corporate status while enabling an investor to make informed business decisions.

What are the 4 due diligence requirements? ›

The Four Due Diligence Requirements
  • Complete and Submit Form 8867. (Treas. Reg. section 1.6695-2(b)(1)) ...
  • Compute the Credits. (Treas. Reg. section 1.6695-2(b)(2)) ...
  • Knowledge. (Treas. Reg. section 1.6695-2(b)(3)) ...
  • Keep Records for Three Years.
Jan 22, 2024

What is the due diligence of the law? ›

Legal due diligence is the process of collecting and assessing all of the legal documents and information relating to the target company. It gives both the buyer and seller the chance to scrutinize any legal risks, such as lawsuits or intellectual property details, before closing the deal.

Which countries have due diligence laws? ›

The French Duty of Vigilance Law, the German Supply Chain Due Diligence Law, and the Norwegian Transparency Law are among such laws. Other efforts in countries like the Netherlands, Belgium, and Austria, are underway.

What is the due process of due diligence? ›

The right to due process guarantees everyone's right to a fair trial, and due diligence means individuals are being adequately attempted to be notified of any matter they are involved in.

What is the due diligence process in impact investing? ›

Traditional due diligence is a comprehensive appraisal of a business or investment opportunity to assess its commercial, financial, and legal standing. In contrast, IDD evaluates the potential social and environmental impacts alongside these traditional metrics.

What happens after due diligence? ›

If the parties are able to reach an agreement, they will move forward with the transaction. If the buyer is not satisfied with the results of the due diligence process, they may decide to terminate the deal.

What is the legal definition of due diligence? ›

Legal due diligence is the process of collecting and assessing all of the legal documents and information relating to the target company. It gives both the buyer and seller the chance to scrutinize any legal risks, such as lawsuits or intellectual property details, before closing the deal.

What is the basic definition of due diligence? ›

Due diligence is the steps an organization takes to thoroughly investigate and verify an entity before initiating a business arrangement, whether that's with a vendor, a third party or a client. In the general business sense, due diligence means vetting issues that affect the business thoughtfully and carefully.

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