Digital History (2024)

Digital History (1)
Digital History (2) Human Meaning of the Depression Children Turn to the President Government Responds to the Young Teacher Resources eXplorations Menu
Digital History (3)

The economic collapse of the 1930s was staggering in its dimensions.

Unemployment jumped from less than 3 million in 1929 to 4 million in 1930, 8 million in 1931, and 12 1/2 million in 1932. In that year, a quarter of the nation's families did not have a single employed wage earner.

Even those fortunate enough to have jobs suffered drastic pay cuts and reductions in hours. Only one company in ten failed to cut pay, and in 1932, three-quarters of all workers were on part-time schedules, averaging just 60 percent of the normal work week.

The economic collapse was terrifying in its scope and impact. By 1933 average family income had tumbled 40 percent, from $2,300 in 1929 to just $1,500 four years later.

In the Pennsylvania coal fields, three or four families crowded together in one-room shacks and lived on wild weeds. In Arkansas, families were found inhabiting caves. In Oakland, California, whole families lived in sewer pipes.

Vagrancy shot up as many families were evicted from their homes for nonpayment of rent. The Southern Pacific Railroad boasted that it threw 683,000 vagrants off its trains in 1931. Free public flophouses and missions in Los Angeles provided beds for 200,000 of the uprooted.

To save money, families neglected medical and dental care. Many families sought to cope by planting gardens, canning food, buying used bread, and using cardboard and cotton for shoe soles. Despite a steep decline in food prices, many families did without milk or meat. In New York City, milk consumption declined a million gallons a day.

President Herbert Hoover declared, "Nobody is actually starving. The hoboes are better fed than they have ever been." But in New York City in 1931, there were 20 known cases of starvation; in 1934, there were 110 deaths caused by hunger. There were so many accounts of people starving in New York that the West African nation of Cameroon sent $3.77 in relief.

The Depression had a powerful impact on family life. It forced couples to delay marriage and drove the birthrate below the replacement level for the first time in American history. The divorce rate fell, for the simple reason that many couples could not afford to maintain separate households or pay legal fees. But rates of desertion soared. By 1940, 1.5 million married women were living apart from their husbands. More than 200,000 vagrant children wandered the country as a result of the breakup of their families.


Essential Questions:

  • What was it like to grow up during the Great Depression of the 1930s?
  • How did the Depression alter family roles?
  • Did Depression hardship strengthen or weaken family bonds?

Copyright Digital History 2021

Digital History (2024)

FAQs

Is digital history a credible source? ›

Digital History also is listed as one of the top five resources in U.S. History according to Best of History Websites.

What is digital history pdf? ›

Digital history is an emerging field that draws on digital technology and computational methods. A global enterprise that invites scholars worldwide to join forces, it presents exciting and novel ways we might explore, understand and represent the past.

When was digital history made? ›

In the late 1980s quantifiers founded the Association for History and Computing. This movement provided some of the impetus for the rise of digital history in the 1990s. The more recent roots of digital history were in software rather than online networks.

What do you mean by digital history? ›

Digital history might be understood broadly as an approach to examining and. representing the past that works with the new communication technologies of. the computer, the internet network, and software systems.

Is digital history peer-reviewed? ›

The JDH is a single-blind peer-reviewed journal. It publishes research on all aspects of digital history. Abstracts must first be submitted via the journal website before full papers can be submitted. The managing editor will contact the author(s) to assess the feasibility of the paper.

What is the most accurate source of history? ›

Most Reliable Source of History: Primary Sources

Primary sources are considered the most reliable source of history due to their direct connection to the events and people being studied. These sources provide firsthand accounts and original documents from the time period under investigation.

Is digital history a database? ›

"Digital history is an approach to examining and representing the past that takes advantage of new communication technologies such as computers and the Web. It draws on essential features of the digital realm, such as databases, hypertextualization, and networks, to create and share historical knowledge."

What are the advantages of digital history? ›

The Resources of Digital History

Historians can expand the presentations of their research beyond traditional books and journal articles by employing digital history resources such as text-gathering tools, interactive map builders, and data visualization.

Why is it called digital? ›

The Latin digitus means "finger or toe," so it makes sense that by adding the suffix -al, which means "being like," we get the adjective digital, "fingerlike." The idea of the word referring to numerals began around 1938, soon becoming vital in computers.

Is digital history a textbook? ›

The centerpiece of Digital History is an online textbook that describes itself as “an interactive, multimedia history” of North America from the pre-Columbian period to the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

When did everything become digital? ›

Explained by the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, the digital revolution, “also called the Third Industrial Revolution, is the change from analog, mechanical, and electronic technology to digital technology which began anywhere from the late 1950s to the late 1970s with the adoption and proliferation of digital computers ...

What is digital public history? ›

Digital history is the use of computers, digital media, and other tools for historical practice, presentation, analysis, and research.

What are the 4 types of digital? ›

Learn the 4 types of digital transformation
  • Process transformation. The primary goal of a process transformation is to make internal processes more straightforward and efficient. ...
  • Business model transformation. ...
  • Domain transformation. ...
  • Cultural/organizational transformation.
Dec 16, 2022

What is the word digital history? ›

Digital history seeks to integrate computational technology with history methods and materials to their mutual extension and advantage.

What is digital in short answer? ›

Digital describes electronic technology that generates, stores and processes data in terms of positive and nonpositive states. Positive is expressed or represented by the number 1 and nonpositive by the number 0. Thus, data transmitted or stored with digital technology is expressed as a string of 0s and 1s.

How can I tell if a source is credible? ›

How do I know if a source is credible?
  1. An author who is an expert or a well-respected publisher (such as the NY Times or Wall Street Journal).
  2. Citations for sources used.
  3. Up-to-date information for your topic.
  4. Unbiased analysis of the topic (i.e. author examines more than one perspective on the issue).
Aug 29, 2024

What is a credible source in history? ›

A primary source is material that records a first-hand account of an event and are usually produced by people who witnessed or were involved with the event. Primary sources can also include sources created at the time of an event but are not first-hand accounts, such as newspaper or magazine articles.

Is the history website a reliable source? ›

A good rule of thumb is to avoid the following web pages and types of web pages: Wikipedia (This page can be edited by anyone and all information should be considered false until proven otherwise.) history.com (This page is created by television producers and not professional historians. It is not a reliable resource.)

How do you know if a history source is reliable? ›

That criteria are as follows:
  1. Authority: Who is the author? What are their credentials? ...
  2. Accuracy: Compare the author's information to that which you already know is reliable. ...
  3. Coverage: Is the information relevant to your topic and does it meet your needs? ...
  4. Currency: Is your topic constantly evolving?

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