Create simple Blockchain using Python - GeeksforGeeks (2024)

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Last Updated : 06 Sep, 2024

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Blockchain is a time-stamped decentralized series of fixed records that contains data of any size is controlled by a large network of computers that are scattered around the globe and not owned by a single organization. Every block is secured and connected with each other using hashing technology which protects it from being tampered by an unauthorized person.

Creating Blockchain using Python, mining new blocks, and displaying the whole blockchain:

  • The data will be stored in JSON format which is very easy to implement and easy to read. The data is stored in a block and the block contains multiple data. Each and every minute multiple blocks are added and to differentiate one from the other we will use fingerprinting.
  • The fingerprinting is done by using hash and to be particular we will use the SHA256 hashing algorithm. Every block will contain its own hash and also the hash of the previous function so that it cannot get tampered with.
  • This fingerprinting will be used to chain the blocks together. Every block will be attached to the previous block having its hash and to the next block by giving its hash.
  • The mining of the new block is done by giving successfully finding the answer to the proof of work. To make mining hard the proof of work must be hard enough to get exploited.
  • After mining the block successfully the block will then be added to the chain.
  • After mining several blocks the validity of the chain must be checked in order to prevent any kind of tampering with the blockchain.
  • Then the web app will be made by using Flask and deployed locally or publicly as per the need of the user.
Python
# Python program to create Blockchain# For timestampimport datetime# Calculating the hash# in order to add digital# fingerprints to the blocksimport hashlib# To store data# in our blockchainimport json# Flask is for creating the web# app and jsonify is for# displaying the blockchainfrom flask import Flask, jsonifyclass Blockchain: # This function is created # to create the very first # block and set its hash to "0" def __init__(self): self.chain = [] self.create_block(proof=1, previous_hash='0') # This function is created # to add further blocks # into the chain def create_block(self, proof, previous_hash): block = {'index': len(self.chain) + 1, 'timestamp': str(datetime.datetime.now()), 'proof': proof, 'previous_hash': previous_hash} self.chain.append(block) return block # This function is created # to display the previous block def print_previous_block(self): return self.chain[-1] # This is the function for proof of work # and used to successfully mine the block def proof_of_work(self, previous_proof): new_proof = 1 check_proof = False while check_proof is False: hash_operation = hashlib.sha256( str(new_proof**2 - previous_proof**2).encode()).hexdigest() if hash_operation[:5] == '00000': check_proof = True else: new_proof += 1 return new_proof def hash(self, block): encoded_block = json.dumps(block, sort_keys=True).encode() return hashlib.sha256(encoded_block).hexdigest() def chain_valid(self, chain): previous_block = chain[0] block_index = 1 while block_index < len(chain): block = chain[block_index] if block['previous_hash'] != self.hash(previous_block): return False previous_proof = previous_block['proof'] proof = block['proof'] hash_operation = hashlib.sha256( str(proof**2 - previous_proof**2).encode()).hexdigest() if hash_operation[:5] != '00000': return False previous_block = block block_index += 1 return True# Creating the Web# App using flaskapp = Flask(__name__)# Create the object# of the class blockchainblockchain = Blockchain()# Mining a new block@app.route('/mine_block', methods=['GET'])def mine_block(): previous_block = blockchain.print_previous_block() previous_proof = previous_block['proof'] proof = blockchain.proof_of_work(previous_proof) previous_hash = blockchain.hash(previous_block) block = blockchain.create_block(proof, previous_hash) response = {'message': 'A block is MINED', 'index': block['index'], 'timestamp': block['timestamp'], 'proof': block['proof'], 'previous_hash': block['previous_hash']} return jsonify(response), 200# Display blockchain in json format@app.route('/get_chain', methods=['GET'])def display_chain(): response = {'chain': blockchain.chain, 'length': len(blockchain.chain)} return jsonify(response), 200# Check validity of blockchain@app.route('/valid', methods=['GET'])def valid(): valid = blockchain.chain_valid(blockchain.chain) if valid: response = {'message': 'The Blockchain is valid.'} else: response = {'message': 'The Blockchain is not valid.'} return jsonify(response), 200# Run the flask server locallyapp.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=5000)

Output (mine_block):

{
"index":2,
"message":"A block is MINED",
"previous_hash":"734dd03fe55286521079efedac571577cc9588aad79afe49c468e3d5153a79d1",
"proof":632238,
"timestamp":"2020-06-01 22:47:59.309000"
}

Output (get_chain):

{
"chain":[{"index":1,
"previous_hash":"0",
"proof":1,
"timestamp":"2020-06-01 22:47:05.915000"},{"index":2,
"previous_hash":"734dd03fe55286521079efedac571577cc9588aad79afe49c468e3d5153a79d1",
"proof":632238,
"timestamp":"2020-06-01 22:47:59.309000"}],
"length":2
}

Output(valid):

{"message":"The Blockchain is valid."}

Full Explanation:

  1. The code begins by importing the necessary libraries.
  2. The hashlib library is used to calculate a digital fingerprint for each block in the blockchain.
  3. This fingerprint is then stored in a variable called hash.
  4. Next, the data needed to create a blockchain web app is imported.
  5. This includes the Flask web application framework and the JSON library.
  6. Finally, the Blockchain class is created.
  7. The Blockchain class contains two main functions: Analyze and CreateBlockchainWebApp.
  8. The first function analyzes the code and creates an object model of it based on Python’s standard classes and modules.
  9. The second function creates a Flask web application based on this object model and stores all of the data needed to create a blockchain in it (including the digital fingerprints for each block).
  10. When you run this program, you will be prompted to enter some information about yourself (your name, email address, etc.).
  11. Once this information has been entered, you will be able to view your own personal blockchain!
  12. The code creates a Python program that will create a blockchain.
  13. The code first imports the necessary libraries for creating a blockchain.
  14. Next, it calculates the hash to add digital fingerprints to the blocks.
  15. Finally, it stores data in the blockchain using JSON.
  16. The code starts by creating an empty list called self.chain.
  17. The code then creates a function called create_block, which takes two arguments: proof and previous_hash.
  18. The create_block function first calculates the index of the block in the chain (that is, it adds 1 to the value of len(self.chain)).
  19. Then it sets the timestamp to datetime.datetime.now(), and stores the proof and previous_hash values for this block in block variables.
  20. Finally, self.chain is updated with this new block object.
  21. Next, the code creates a function called print_previous_block that prints out the contents of self.chain[-1], which is currently set to be equal to len(self.chain) + 1 – 1 because that’s how many blocks are in the chain at this point (the last block in the chain has index 0).
  22. Now let’s take a look at how these functions work together: When you call create_block(), you provide it with two arguments: proof and previous_hash (which are both Python objects).
  23. This tells create_block what data should be stored inside of its block variable (proof and previous_hash), as well
  24. The code first creates an empty list called self.chain.
  25. Next, it creates a function called create_block which takes in two arguments: proof and previous_hash.
  26. The purpose of this function is to create a new block on the blockchain and store its information within the block object.
  27. The next part of the code is responsible for displaying the previous block on the screen.
  28. This is done by using the print_previous_block function which takes in one argument: self.chain[-1].
  29. Finally, the last part of this code is responsible for performing proof of work.
  30. The code starts by creating an instance of the class Blockchain.
  31. This class stores information about the blockchain, including the previous block and proof.
  32. The code then uses the Proof of Work function to create a new block.
  33. The new block has a proof and hash that are based on the previous block and proof.
  34. Finally, the code prints out the current state of the blockchain and returns the URL for accessing it.
  35. The Proof of Work function is used to create new blocks in a blockchain network.
  36. It is a cryptographic algorithm that requires solving a difficult problem in order to generate a new block.
  37. The difficulty of this problem is adjusted so that it will take an average amount of time to generate a new block, regardless of how many people are mining on the network at any given time.
  38. The code creates a new block on the blockchain.
  39. This block contains the proof of work done by the current miner, as well as the previous block’s hash.
  40. The miner then prints this block to the console and stores it in a variable called previous_block.
  41. Next, they use Proof of Work to create a new hash for the new block.
  42. Finally, they store this hash in a variable called previous_proof and set the value of proof to be equal to this newly generated hash.
  43. The code starts by importing the necessary libraries.
  44. Next, it creates an instance of the Blockchain class.
  45. This class contains all the information about a blockchain, such as its length, index, and proof.
  46. Next, the code checks to see if the blockchain is valid.
  47. If it is valid, the code returns a response with a message that says The Blockchain is valid.
  48. Otherwise, the code returns a response with a message that says The Blockchain is not valid.
  49. Finally, the code displays the blockchain in json format onscreen using the display_chain() method.
  50. The code will display the blockchain in json format.
  51. It will also check the validity of the blockchain.
  52. If the blockchain is valid, it will return a message that states The Blockchain is valid.
  53. If the blockchain is not valid, it will return a message that states The Blockchain is not valid


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Create simple Blockchain using Python - GeeksforGeeks (2024)

FAQs

Can you build a blockchain with Python? ›

Can Python be used for blockchain? Absolutely! Python's readability and extensive libraries make it an excellent choice for blockchain development.

How to build a simple blockchain? ›

How to Create Own Blockchain Network
  1. Step 1: Identify a Suitable Use-case. ...
  2. Step 2: Identify the Most Suitable Consensus Mechanism. ...
  3. Step 3: Identify the Most Suitable Platform. ...
  4. Step 4: Designing the Nodes. ...
  5. Step 5: Design the Blockchain Instance. ...
  6. Step 6: Building the APIs.

Is Python enough for blockchain? ›

Python. As a fresher Python can be the best programming language to choose for Blockchain Programming between all of these, as it has comparatively shortcodes and is easier to use. You can choose different resources and plug-ins as Python is an open-source language.

Can you create your own blockchain? ›

The easiest way is to use a pre-built blockchain open-source like Ethereum (create distributed applications, altcoins, decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), etc.), Fabric (configure a private blockchain), EOS or Cardano, etc.

Can Python be used for Crypto? ›

With the plethora of coins and tokens available, tracking their prices can become a daunting task. However, with Python, a powerful and versatile programming language, you can build your very own cryptocurrency price tracker from scratch.

What programming language needed for blockchain? ›

Java. Java is a common programming language used in blockchain. It is an official language for Android coding and is optimal for back-end development tasks. Besides, it is widely popular among blockchain programmers due to the use of C-syntax, smart contract development tools, and dApp creation functionality.

Can I teach myself blockchain? ›

It requires a lot of technical expertise and knowledge to be able to code a blockchain. However, many resources are available to help people learn how to code a blockchain. There are online courses, tutorials, and even books that can help people learn the basics of coding a blockchain.

Can I write smart contracts in Python? ›

In Python, you can use Solidity or Vyper as the programming language for the contract itself. Solidity is more common, but Vyper is Pythonic and may feel more natural to Python developers. Your smart contract should define the rules and functions that correspond to the logic of the contractual agreement.

How do I start blockchain for beginners? ›

From Zero To Blockchain Developer (Step-by-Step)
  1. Step 1: Obtain Cryptocurrency. ...
  2. Step 2: Create a Wallet. ...
  3. Step 3: Follow a Step-by-Step Tutorial. ...
  4. Step 4: Build a Real-World App. ...
  5. Step 5: Unguided Development. ...
  6. Step 6: Create Your Portfolio. ...
  7. Step 7: Apply for Jobs. ...
  8. Step 8: Land the Job & Celebrate!
Feb 14, 2024

How much coding is required for blockchain? ›

Yes, if you want to create your own blockchain application or project, coding is required. You need to have a solid understanding of programming languages like Solidity (for Ethereum) or C++ (for Bitcoin) to develop smart contracts and set up the necessary infrastructure for your blockchain network.

How to write a blockchain code? ›

The code starts by creating an instance of the class Blockchain. This class stores information about the blockchain, including the previous block and proof. The code then uses the Proof of Work function to create a new block. The new block has a proof and hash that are based on the previous block and proof.

What software is used for blockchain? ›

Hyperledger Fabric is an open-source blockchain platform that is maintained by the Linux Foundation. It is designed for enterprise use cases and is intended to be a foundation for building blockchain applications and networks.

How much money do you need to start a blockchain? ›

Type of blockchain
Type of blockchainCharacteristicsDevelopment cost ($)
PublicDecentralized, accessible to everyone$10,000 +
PrivateControlled access, enhanced privacy$25,000+
HybridBlend of public and private characteristics$50,000+
CustomTailored to specific needs, full control$100,000+
Jun 17, 2024

How much does it cost to create your own blockchain? ›

The blockchain development cost can fluctuate based on several factors. It has been estimated that between $50,000 and $85,000 is the typical blockchain development cost. Let's dive deeper to uncover the specifics determining how much your blockchain project will cost.

Can I mine crypto with Python? ›

Although Bitcoin mining has become more difficult over the years, it is still possible to do it on a personal computer with some technical knowledge. In this article, we will walk you through the steps to start mining Bitcoin using Python. Let's get started!

Is Java or Python used in blockchain? ›

Python's libraries for cryptography and secure networking make it easier to build secure blockchain applications. Java, on the other hand, is also a popular choice for blockchain development, especially for building enterprise-grade blockchain applications.

How to code blockchain? ›

How to Code Blockchain – Simplified in 5 Easy Steps
  1. Code your smart contract or dApp inside your IDE.
  2. Test it on a local blockchain.
  3. Run or Connect to a node.
  4. Test it on a Testnet.
  5. Deploy it.

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