Bones (2024)

Summary

Read the full fact sheet
  • Bones are made up of connective tissue reinforced with calcium and specialised bone cells.
  • The body is constantly remodelling the skeleton by building up new bone tissue and breaking down old bone tissue as required.
  • Healthy bone needs a balanced diet, regular weight-bearing exercise and the right levels of various hormones.

On this page

  • The skeleton
  • Bone types
  • Bone tissue
  • Bone marrow
  • Bone cells
  • Bone density
  • Bone conditions
  • Where to get help

Bones provide the structure for our bodies. The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. These include the bones of the skull, spine (vertebrae), ribs, arms and legs. Bones are made of connective tissue reinforced with calcium and specialised bone cells. Most bones also contain bone marrow, where blood cells are made.

Bones work with muscles and joints to hold our body together and support freedom of movement. This is called the musculoskeletal system. The skeleton supports and shapes the body and protects delicate internal organs such as the brain, heart and lungs.

Bones contain most of our body’s calcium supply. The body is constantly building up and breaking down bone tissue as required. Healthy bone needs a balanced diet, regular weight-bearing exercise and the right levels of various hormones.

The skeleton

The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones, including bones of the:

  • Skull – including the jaw bone
  • Spine – cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone (coccyx)
  • Chest – ribs and breastbone (sternum)
  • Arms – shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), humerus, radius and ulna
  • Hands – wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals and phalanges
  • Pelvis – hip bones
  • Legs – thigh bone (femur), kneecap (patella), shin bone (tibia) and fibula
  • Feet – tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.

Bone types

There are four different types of bone in the human body:

  • Long bone – has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of the arms and legs (excluding the wrists, ankles and kneecaps). With the help of muscles, long bones work as levers to permit movement.
  • Short bone – has a squat, cubed shape. Examples include the bones that make up the wrists and the ankles.
  • Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface. Examples include ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones.
  • Irregular bone – has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. Examples include the bones of the spine (vertebrae).

Bone tissue

The different layers of bone tissue include:

  • Periosteum – the dense, tough outer shell that contains blood vessels and nerves
  • Compact or dense tissue – the hard, smooth layer that protects the tissue within
  • Spongy or cancellous tissue – the porous, honeycombed material found inside most bones, which allows the bone to be strong yet lightweight
  • Bone marrow – the jelly-like substance found inside the cavities of some bones (including the pelvis) that produces blood cells.

Bone marrow

Bone marrow is where blood cells are made. The three different types of blood cell made by bone marrow include:

  • Red blood cells – carry oxygen around the body.
  • White blood cells – make up the body’s immune system.
  • Platelets – are used for clotting.

Bone cells

Our body is constantly remodelling its skeleton by building up and breaking down bone tissue as required. As a result, each bone is rebuilt from scratch about every decade. The bone cells involved in this process include:

  • Osteoblasts – the cells that build bone tissue
  • Osteocytes – the cells that maintain bone tissue by controlling the mineral and calcium content
  • Osteoclasts – the cells that break down old bone tissue.

Bone density

Many factors work together to ensure the strength and health of bones. Bone density relies on:

  • A steady supply of dietary calcium
  • Adequate vitamin D from sunshine and food
  • A healthy diet with plenty of vitamins and minerals
  • Various hormones including parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, calcitonin, oestrogen and testosterone
  • Regular weight-bearing exercise.

Bone conditions

Some conditions of bone include:

Where to get help

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:

Bones (1)

Bones (2)

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:

Bones (3)

Bones (4)

More information

Content disclaimer

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circ*mstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Healthshall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 31-10-2012

Bones (2024)

FAQs

What happens to the other 94 bones? ›

Newborns can have more than 300 distinct bones. But the extra ones don't disappear or dissolve to bring that number down to 206; instead, they fuse together as they develop.

What are the 5 types of bones answer key? ›

There are five types of bones in the skeleton: flat, long, short, irregular, and sesamoid.

What was bones 100th episode? ›

S5 E16: The milestone 100th episode of BONES takes viewers back in time six years as Brennan and Booth recount the first case they worked on together.

What are six questions that can be answered by bones? ›

Forensic anthropologists have a set list of questions to answer:
  • Are the bones human?
  • How many individuals are represented?
  • How long ago did death occur?
  • What was the person's age at death?
  • What was the person's sex?
  • What was the person's ancestry?
  • What was the person's height?

What happens to Jared in Bones? ›

In "The Dentist in the Ditch", he introduces his fiancée Padme to Seeley and asks him to be his best man at their wedding. Jared is killed in the Season 11 premiere. Bones performed the autopsy and her results confirmed that Jared had been physically abused as a child, like his older brother.

Does Bones have another baby in Bones? ›

After the time jump from the end of last season, Bones and Booth have had their second child - a son that they named Hank.

How many bones are in a baby? ›

Slowly, as you grew older, everything became a bit bigger, including your bones. A baby's body has about 300 bones at birth. These eventually fuse (grow together) to form the 206 bones that adults have. Some of a baby's bones are made entirely of a special material called cartilage (say: KAR-tel-ij).

What bones are not fully movable? ›

Immovable joints allow little or no movement at the joint. Most immovable joints are fibrous joints. Besides the bones of the cranium, immovable joints include joints between the tibia and fibula in the lower leg and between the radius and ulna in the lower arm.

Which 5 animals do have bones? ›

Mammals, reptiles, birds, fish and amphibians are vertebrates with endoskeletons (skeletons inside their bodies).

Did Bones have a spin off? ›

Fox developed a quasi-spin-off series for Bones that was built around a character introduced in the sixth season. The series was created by Bones creator/executive producer, Hart Hanson, and based on The Locator series of two books written by Richard Greener: The Knowland Retribution and The Lacey Confession.

What is the scariest episode of Bones? ›

The Creepiest Murders On 'Bones' Are Chilling
  1. Any Episode With Christopher Pelant.
  2. All Of The Gormogon Killings (Aka All Of The Gormogons) ...
  3. Everything About The Gravedigger/ Heather Taffet. ...
  4. Howard Epps' Murders. ...
  5. The Witch's Ghost In "The Headless Witch In The Woods" ...
  6. The Ghost Killer's Murders. Creep Factor: 6/10. ...
May 27, 2015

Did Hodgins ever get his money back on Bones? ›

In season 10, in "The Eye in the Sky", Hodgins invents a packaging material and receives an advance of $2 million, restoring a portion of his wealth.

What questions can bones not answer? ›

Presence of other individuals: Bones alone cannot provide information about the presence of other individuals at the crime scene. Investigators may need to look for additional evidence, such as footprints, fingerprints, or DNA samples, to determine if others were present and potentially involved in the crime.

Are teeth part of your skeleton? ›

Teeth are considered part of the skeleton system even though they are not bone. Teeth are the strongest substance in your body being made up of enamel and dentin. There are 32 teeth in an adult, and 28 in children. In looking at bone and teeth, there can and is genetic variation between individuals.

Which is the longest bone answer? ›

The femur is your thigh bone. It's the longest, strongest bone in your body. It's a critical part of your ability to stand and move. Your femur also supports lots of important muscles, tendons, ligaments and parts of your circulatory system.

What happens to the extra bones of babies as they grow? ›

Many of your baby's bones will fuse together, which means the actual number of bones will decrease. The space that separates the ends of two bones that eventually fuse is also cartilage, like the tissue you have in the tip of your nose. The fusing of bones occurs throughout the body.

What happens to Sully Bones and all? ›

Despite what he said earlier, Sully intends to consume Lee and Maren. He tracks them to their home and pins Maren to the bed. Lee manages to overwhelm him, and they work together to kill Sully.

What happens to everyone at the end of bones? ›

Bones' series finale left the show's core characters in a good place: Brennan (Emily Deschanel) recovered from the brain trauma she sustained in the Jeffersonian bombing, Booth (David Boreanaz) took down the bomber, Cam (Tamara Taylor) and Arastoo (Pej Vahdat) are adopting three boys, and Hodgins (TJ Thyne) and Angela ...

Does bones solve her parents disappearance? ›

Brennan later discovered that Ruth/Christine was murdered in 1993, two years after she and her husband went on the run. Her father Max Keenan re-entered Brennan's life when she and her brother were being threatened by an old acquaintance, who turned out to be Booth's boss, Deputy Director Kirby.

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