Among asset classes, Bitcoin has had one of the more volatile trading histories. The cryptocurrency's first significant price increase occurred in Oct. 2010 when the value of a single Bitcoin started moving past its long flat price of less than $0.10.
The cryptocurrency has undergone several rallies and crashes since it became available. This article offers insight into Bitcoin's volatility and some reasons why its price acts the way it does.
Key Takeaways
- Since it was first introduced, Bitcoin has had a choppy and volatile trading history.
- As an asset class, Bitcoin continues to evolve along with the factors influencing its prices.
- Bitcoin was designed to be used as currency in daily transactions.
- While Bitcoin is still a cryptocurrency, investors have also used it to store value and to hedge against inflation and market uncertainty.
- Due to the growing interest of investors, economists, and governments in Bitcoin, other cryptocurrencies began to be developed around 2017.
Bitcoin's Price History
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The price changes for Bitcoin reflect both investor enthusiasm and dissatisfaction with its promise. Satoshi Nakamoto, the anonymous Bitcoin inventor(s), designed it for use in daily transactions.
Cryptocurrency gained mainstream traction as a means of exchange. It also attracted traders who began to bet against its price changes. Investors turned to Bitcoin as a way to store value, generate wealth, and hedge against inflation. Institutions worked to create Bitcoin investment instruments.
Bitcoin's price fluctuations primarily stem from investors and traders hoping for an ever-increasing price in anticipation of riches. If you're thinking of investing in Bitcoin, be sure to research the best cryptocurrency exchanges and apps first.
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Here's a quick rundown of Bitcoin's price history:
2009–2015
Bitcoin had a price of zero when it was introduced in 2009. Its price jumped from its long-held level of $0.10 to $0.20 on Oct. 26, 2010. Before the year had closed out, it had reached $0.30. In 2011, it started growing past $1, reaching a peak of $29.60 on June 8, 2011; however, a sharp recession in cryptocurrency markets followed, and Bitcoin's price dropped, closing out the year at $4.70.
The year 2012 proved to be a generally uneventful year for Bitcoin, though it did increase by a few dollars; however, 2013 witnessed strong gains in price. Bitcoin began the year trading at $13.30, crossed $100 by April, then $200 by October.
The remainder of the year witnessed historic gains for Bitcoin. It crossed $1,000 in November and closed out the year at $805.90.
2016–2020
Prices slowly climbed through 2016 to over $900 by the end of the year. In 2017, Bitcoin's price hovered around $1,000 until it broke $2,000 in mid-May and then skyrocketed to $19,345.49 on Dec. 16.
Mainstream investors, governments, economists, and scientists took notice, and other entities began developing cryptocurrencies to compete with Bitcoin.
Bitcoin's price moved sideways in 2018 and 2019, with small bursts of activity. For example, there was a resurgence in price and trading volume in June 2019, with the price surpassing $10,000. However, it fell to $6,635.84 by mid-December.
In 2020, the economy shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Bitcoin's price burst into action once again. The cryptocurrency started the year at $6,965.72. The pandemic shutdown and subsequent government policies fed investors' fears about the global economy and accelerated Bitcoin's rise.
At the close on Nov. 23, Bitcoin was trading for $19,157.16. Bitcoin's price reached just under $29,000 in Dec. 2020, increasing 416% from the start of that year.
2021–2023
Bitcoin took less than a month in 2021 to smash its 2020 price record, surpassing $40,000 by Jan. 7, 2021. By mid-April, Bitcoin prices reached new all-time highs of over $60,000 as Coinbase, a cryptocurrency exchange, went public. Institutional interest propelled its price further upward, and Bitcoin reached a peak of $63,558 on April 12, 2021.
By the summer of 2021, prices were down by 50%, hitting $29,796 on July 19. September saw another bull run, with prices scraping $52,693, but a large drawdown took it to a closing price of $40,710 about two weeks later.
On Nov. 10, 2021, Bitcoin again reached an all-time high of $68,789 before closing at $64,995. In mid-Dec. 2021, Bitcoin fell to $46,164. The price started fluctuating more as uncertainty about inflation and the emergence of a new variant of COVID-19, Omicron, continued to spook investors.
Between January and May 2022, Bitcoin's price continued to gradually decline, with closing prices only reaching $47,445 by the end of March before falling further to $28,305 on May 11. This was the first time since July 2021 that Bitcoin closed under $30,000. On June 13, crypto prices plunged. Bitcoin dropped below $23,000 for the first time since Dec. 2020. Since the "crypto winter" began in Nov. 2021, Bitcoin dropped below $20,000 by the end of 2022.
Fortunes changed for Bitcoin in 2023, which saw a stellar rise in the price of the cryptocurrency. Bitcoin started 2023 at a price of $16,605. It rose consistently throughout 2023, ending the year at $42,265.
Interestingly, Bitcoin's price trends appeared to mimic those of the stock market from Nov. 2021 through June 2022, suggesting that the market was treating it like a stock. It similarly followed this trend through most of 2023.
2024
In January 2024, the long fight for Bitcoin Spot ETFs came to a close after the SEC was forced by courts to review its denial of certain Bitcoin-related products. Some brokerages swarmed the market and increased their holdings, while others, like Grayscale's Bitcoin Trust (GBTC), experienced significant outflows at the onset.
The outflows from certain funds slowed into March, settling the market somewhat. The marketwide rebalancing was likely because there were suddenly more options for investors to choose from.
Bitcoin's price climbed quickly after the fund approvals—in late February and early March, it once again breached $60,000, setting a high price of $69,210 on March 6 and another high on March 8 of $70,184.
What Affects the Price of Bitcoin?
Supply and Demand
Like other currencies, products, or services within a country or economy, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency prices depend on perceived value, supply, and demand. If people believe that Bitcoin is worth a specific amount, they will buy it, especially if they think it will increase in value.
By design, only 21 million Bitcoins will ever be created. The closer Bitcoin gets to its limit, the higher its price should be (as long as other factors remain the same). This limit is intended to keep increasing the value of Bitcoin over time as new coins become more and more scarce, which should increase demand.
Bitcoins are created by mining software and hardware at a specified rate. This rate splits in half every four years, slowing down the number of coins created. The next halving is expected in mid-April, 2024. If events unfold the same way they have in the past, Bitcoin's price will rise again; however, there is no guarantee that it will react the same.
Bitcoin's price should continue to rise as long as it continues to grow in popularity and its supply cannot meet demand. However, if popularity wanes and demand falls, there will be more supply than demand. Then, Bitcoin's price should drop unless it maintains its value for other reasons.
New Bitcoin Securities
Another factor that affects Bitcoin's price also relates to supply and demand. Bitcoin became a financial instrument that investors and financial institutions used to store value and generate returns. As a result, derivatives have been created and traded by investors. This also influences Bitcoin's price.
Speculation, investment product hype, irrational exuberance, and investor panic and fear can also be expected to affect Bitcoin's price because demand will rise and fall with investor sentiment.
As witnessed after the SEC approved Spot Bitcoin ETFs, regulatory activity causes market participants to take action with regard to that activity. As new Bitcoin securities hit the market, Bitcoin's price will adjust due to any changes in supply of and demand for more products.
Cryptocurrency Competition
Other cryptocurrencies may also affect Bitcoin's price. There are several cryptocurrencies, and the number continues to rise as regulators, institutions, and merchants address concerns and adopt them as acceptable forms of payment and currency.
Lastly, if consumers and investors believe that other coins will prove to be more valuable than Bitcoin, demand will fall, taking prices with it. Or, demand will rise along with prices if sentiment and trading move in the opposite direction.
Is Bitcoin a Good Investment?
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency designed to be used as a payment method. Investors and traders also began using it as an investment, but its price is very volatile. This creates a significant amount of financial risk. It is best to talk to a professional financial advisor about your circ*mstances and goals before buying Bitcoin as an investment.
What Is Bitcoin's All-Time High Price?
Bitcoin reached an all-time high price of $70,184 on March 8, 2024.
What Was Bitcoin's Cheapest Price?
Bitcoin began trading at $.06 in July 2010.
How Long Does It Take to Mine One Bitcoin?
The rate of difficulty changes and mining depends on the software and hardware used as well as available energy resources. The average time to open a new block and receive the reward, by design, is 10 minutes, but it changes with network activity.
The Bottom Line
Bitcoin has seen its share of volatile prices. If recent events and prices are any indication, it will continue demonstrating volatility as long as there are questions by investors and regulators about how it can be invested in and how consumers and investors treat it.
The comments, opinions, and analyses expressed on Investopedia are for informational purposes only. Read ourwarranty and liability disclaimerfor more info.
As of the date this article was written, the author does not own cryptocurrency.
