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BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MAMTA SINGH SEM4 PAPER3
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CONTENT •DEFINATION 'SOURCES •CLASSIFICATION •NEED FOR MANAGEMENT •HOW IT CAME INTO EXISTANCE 'OBJECTIVE •PROCESS •AWARENESS AND EDUCATION 'CONCLUSION
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WHAT IS A BIO- MEDICAL WASTE??
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What is Bio-medical waste ?? Definition Waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)
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SOURCES Sources of Bio-Medical Waste Major Sources Hospitals a Labs Research centers ZAnimal research Blood banks Nursing homes Mortuaries Autopsy centers Minor sources Clinics Dental clinics Home care Cosmetic clinics Paramedics Funeral services • Institutions
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CLASSIFICATION Bio-Medical Wastes Non-Infectious waste, 80% Radioactive, heavy Sharps, 1% metals, 1% Pharmaceutical waste, 3%
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Healthcare Waste Characterization: Healthcare Waste High Potential for 3R Non Risk Waste (75-0% Risk Waste
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WASTES Wastes Liquid Solid waste Waste Household ssastc • Industrial ssaste Gaseous Waste Biotnedical or hospital waste
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PATHOLOGICAL WASTE Excreta Human tissues/fluids Body parts Blood or body fluids tel Pt«e in oe Yde tx•r Ov«pacA uWt tx»x place gt—n boy. 1
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SHARP WASTE Needles Infusion Sets Scalpels Knives Blades Broken Glass
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GENOTOXIC WASTE Waste Containing Cytotoxic Drugs(often Used In Cancer Theraphy) Genotoxic Chemicals CHEMICAL WASTE Lab reagents Film developer Expired disinfectants Expired solvents WASTE WITH HIGH CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS Waste with high content of heavy metals Batteries Broken thermometers Blood pressure guages etc Mnct•nv
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PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE Expired Pharmaceuticals Contaminated Pharmaceuticals Banned Pharmaceuticals
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PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS Gas cylinders Gas catridges Aerosol cans RADIOACTIVE WASTE Radiotherapy/lab research liquids Contaminated glass wares, packages, absorbent papers
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INFECTIOUS WASTE Lab cultures Waste from isolation wards Tissues(swabs) Materials/equipments of infected patients
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NEED FOR BMW MANAGEMENT
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Need of BMW Management in Hospitals??? 9 owu«so ' & 'ect/0&Ac Roe Heatth care waste is a risk to att. it affects us in different ways
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PROBLEMS RELATED TO BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN INDIA
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H0w САМЕ INTO EXISTANCE
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In late 1980's o Items such as used syringes were washed up on several East Coast beaches 0 Concern about HIV and HBV virus infection o Lead to development of biomedical waste management law in USA Howerer in INDIA the seriousness about the management came into limelight only after 1990's
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LEGISLATION Recognizing the deadliest nature of the Bio-Medical Waste, the Government and Pollution Control Boards under the guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forests(MOEF). MOEF have promptly designed and issued guidelines to the hospitals to ensure a proper and safe disposal of bio-medical waste BIO-MEDICAL WASTE Management & Handling RULE 1998 came into effect. Provides uniform guidelines and code of practice for Bio-medical waste management.
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Biomedical Waste Management and Handling Rules, 1998 [Amended in 2000] These rules apply to all persons who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose or handle bio-medical waste in any form. All Institutions generating BMW must take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and the environment
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WHO IS AT RISK?? Patients-t-- UMedfcal & attenders Paramedical staff anitation workers pu C
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OBJECTIVE OF BMW MANAGEMENT • To minimize the production/generation of infective waste. Recycle the waste after to the extent possible • Treat the waste by safe environment friendly/acceptable methods. Adequate care in handling to prevent health care associated infections. • Safety precautions during handling theBMW
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BMW MANAGEMENT PROCESS HOSPITALS UNLOADING AND TEMPERATURE STORAGE AT CBWTF TREATMENT TRANSPORTATION IN HOUSE SEGREGATION COMMON STORAGE POINT DISPOSAL
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VEHICLE USED FOR TRANSPORTATION SMS
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Categories of Biomedica! Waste Schedule k, WASTE CATEGORY as per WHO Stapdard TYPE OF WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OPTION [emailprotected] / deep Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste (Human tissues, organs, body parts) burial• Animal Waste (Animal tissues. organs, body parts, carcasses. bleeding parts, [emailprotected] / deep Category No. 2 fluid, blood and experimental animals used in research, waste generated by veterinary hospitals and colleges, discharge from hospitals, animal houses) Microbiology & BiotechM)jogy Waste (Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimen of live micro organisms or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell cultures used in Category No. 3 research and infectious agents from research and industrial laboratories, wastes from production of biologicals, toxins and devices used for transfer of cultures) [emailprotected] Local autoclaving/ microwaving / [emailprotected]
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Categories of Biomedica! Waste Schedule as per WHO standards Cont Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes, scalpels, Disinfecting (chemical blades, glass, etc. that may cause puncture and [emailprotected]@ / autoclaving/ Category No. 4 cuts. This includes both used and unused sharps) microwaving and mutilation / shredding Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs [emailprotected] / destruction and Category No. 5 (Wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines) Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with body fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster Category No. 6 casts, lines, bedding and other materials contaminated with blood.) Solid Waste (Waste generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps such as Category No. 7 tubing, catheters, intravenous sets, etc) drugs disposal in secured landfills [emailprotected] / autoclaving / microwaving Disinfecting by chemical [emailprotected]@ / autoclaving / microwaving and mutilation / shredding# #
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Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule as per WHO standards cont Liquid Waste (Waste generated from the Disinfecting by chemical Category No.8 laboratory and washing, cleaning, house and discharge keeping and disinfecting activities) into drains Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration of Disposal in municipal landfill Category No. 9 any biomedical waste) Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in Chemical treatment @@ and Category No.10 production of biologicals, chemicals used discharge into drains for liquids in disinfecting, as insecticides, etc.) and secured landfill for soüds.
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COLOR CODING FOR SEGREGATION OF COLOR Red Blue / White? BMW 1998 WASTE Human & Animal anatomical waste / Micro- biology waste and soiled cotton/dressings/linen/beddings etc. Tubings, Catheters, IV sets. Waste sharps ( Needles, Syringes, Scalpels, blades etc. ) Discarded medicines/cytotoxic drugs, Incineration ash, Chemical waste. TREAT Incineration/DB/ Autocl/microwav /chemical treatment Autocl/microwav /chemical treatment/destr uction/shredding Disposal in land fields
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NON4NFCCTED WASTE CYtOto»c wastt BLACK stcuqeo RED Auto oeep INFECTtO WASTE oeep Cut BLUE RECYCUA Common treatment Fecility NOTE. USE ANY BIN OTHER THAN BLACK RED. YELLOW. BLUE WHITE FOR DISPOSAL GENERAL WASTE
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AWARENESS AND EDUCATION 'Organizing seminars 'Workshops 'Practical demonstrations 'Group disscusions 'Lectures
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CONCLUSION •Thus refuse disposal cannot be solved without public education. • Individual participation is required. • Municipality and government should pay importance to disposal of waste economically. • Thus educating and motivating oneself first is important and then preach others about it. • Start disposing waste first from within your home, then outside home, then neighborhood ,then your street, your area ,city and then the nation and the world. • Lets make this world a better place to live in.
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Let the waste of the "sick." not contaminate the lives of "'The ffealthy"
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BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MAMTA SINGH SEM4 PAPER3
36
CONTENT •DEFINATION 'SOURCES •CLASSIFICATION •NEED FOR MANAGEMENT •HOW IT CAME INTO EXISTANCE 'OBJECTIVE •PROCESS •AWARENESS AND EDUCATION 'CONCLUSION
37
WHAT IS A BIO- MEDICAL WASTE??
38
What is Bio-medical waste ?? Definition Waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)
39
SOURCES Sources of Bio-Medical Waste Major Sources Hospitals a Labs Research centers ZAnimal research Blood banks Nursing homes Mortuaries Autopsy centers Minor sources Clinics Dental clinics Home care Cosmetic clinics Paramedics Funeral services • Institutions
40
CLASSIFICATION Bio-Medical Wastes Non-Infectious waste, 80% Radioactive, heavy Sharps, 1% metals, 1% Pharmaceutical waste, 3%
41
Healthcare Waste Characterization: Healthcare Waste High Potential for 3R Non Risk Waste (75-0% Risk Waste
42
WASTES Wastes Liquid Solid waste Waste Household ssastc • Industrial ssaste Gaseous Waste Biotnedical or hospital waste
43
PATHOLOGICAL WASTE Excreta Human tissues/fluids Body parts Blood or body fluids tel Pt«e in oe Yde tx•r Ov«pacA uWt tx»x place gt—n boy. 1
44
SHARP WASTE Needles Infusion Sets Scalpels Knives Blades Broken Glass
45
GENOTOXIC WASTE Waste Containing Cytotoxic Drugs(often Used In Cancer Theraphy) Genotoxic Chemicals CHEMICAL WASTE Lab reagents Film developer Expired disinfectants Expired solvents WASTE WITH HIGH CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS Waste with high content of heavy metals Batteries Broken thermometers Blood pressure guages etc Mnct•nv
46
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE Expired Pharmaceuticals Contaminated Pharmaceuticals Banned Pharmaceuticals
47
PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS Gas cylinders Gas catridges Aerosol cans RADIOACTIVE WASTE Radiotherapy/lab research liquids Contaminated glass wares, packages, absorbent papers
48
INFECTIOUS WASTE Lab cultures Waste from isolation wards Tissues(swabs) Materials/equipments of infected patients
49
NEED FOR BMW MANAGEMENT
50
Need of BMW Management in Hospitals??? 9 owu«so ' & 'ect/0&Ac Roe Heatth care waste is a risk to att. it affects us in different ways
51
PROBLEMS RELATED TO BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN INDIA
52
H0w САМЕ INTO EXISTANCE
53
In late 1980's o Items such as used syringes were washed up on several East Coast beaches 0 Concern about HIV and HBV virus infection o Lead to development of biomedical waste management law in USA Howerer in INDIA the seriousness about the management came into limelight only after 1990's
54
LEGISLATION Recognizing the deadliest nature of the Bio-Medical Waste, the Government and Pollution Control Boards under the guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forests(MOEF). MOEF have promptly designed and issued guidelines to the hospitals to ensure a proper and safe disposal of bio-medical waste BIO-MEDICAL WASTE Management & Handling RULE 1998 came into effect. Provides uniform guidelines and code of practice for Bio-medical waste management.
55
Biomedical Waste Management and Handling Rules, 1998 [Amended in 2000] These rules apply to all persons who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose or handle bio-medical waste in any form. All Institutions generating BMW must take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effect to human health and the environment
56
WHO IS AT RISK?? Patients-t-- UMedfcal & attenders Paramedical staff anitation workers pu C
57
OBJECTIVE OF BMW MANAGEMENT • To minimize the production/generation of infective waste. Recycle the waste after to the extent possible • Treat the waste by safe environment friendly/acceptable methods. Adequate care in handling to prevent health care associated infections. • Safety precautions during handling theBMW
58
BMW MANAGEMENT PROCESS HOSPITALS UNLOADING AND TEMPERATURE STORAGE AT CBWTF TREATMENT TRANSPORTATION IN HOUSE SEGREGATION COMMON STORAGE POINT DISPOSAL
59
VEHICLE USED FOR TRANSPORTATION SMS
60
Categories of Biomedica! Waste Schedule k, WASTE CATEGORY as per WHO Stapdard TYPE OF WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OPTION [emailprotected] / deep Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste (Human tissues, organs, body parts) burial• Animal Waste (Animal tissues. organs, body parts, carcasses. bleeding parts, [emailprotected] / deep Category No. 2 fluid, blood and experimental animals used in research, waste generated by veterinary hospitals and colleges, discharge from hospitals, animal houses) Microbiology & BiotechM)jogy Waste (Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimen of live micro organisms or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell cultures used in Category No. 3 research and infectious agents from research and industrial laboratories, wastes from production of biologicals, toxins and devices used for transfer of cultures) [emailprotected] Local autoclaving/ microwaving / [emailprotected]
61
Categories of Biomedica! Waste Schedule as per WHO standards Cont Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes, scalpels, Disinfecting (chemical blades, glass, etc. that may cause puncture and [emailprotected]@ / autoclaving/ Category No. 4 cuts. This includes both used and unused sharps) microwaving and mutilation / shredding Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs [emailprotected] / destruction and Category No. 5 (Wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines) Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with body fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster Category No. 6 casts, lines, bedding and other materials contaminated with blood.) Solid Waste (Waste generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps such as Category No. 7 tubing, catheters, intravenous sets, etc) drugs disposal in secured landfills [emailprotected] / autoclaving / microwaving Disinfecting by chemical [emailprotected]@ / autoclaving / microwaving and mutilation / shredding# #
62
Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule as per WHO standards cont Liquid Waste (Waste generated from the Disinfecting by chemical Category No.8 laboratory and washing, cleaning, house and discharge keeping and disinfecting activities) into drains Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration of Disposal in municipal landfill Category No. 9 any biomedical waste) Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in Chemical treatment @@ and Category No.10 production of biologicals, chemicals used discharge into drains for liquids in disinfecting, as insecticides, etc.) and secured landfill for soüds.
63
COLOR CODING FOR SEGREGATION OF COLOR Red Blue / White? BMW 1998 WASTE Human & Animal anatomical waste / Micro- biology waste and soiled cotton/dressings/linen/beddings etc. Tubings, Catheters, IV sets. Waste sharps ( Needles, Syringes, Scalpels, blades etc. ) Discarded medicines/cytotoxic drugs, Incineration ash, Chemical waste. TREAT Incineration/DB/ Autocl/microwav /chemical treatment Autocl/microwav /chemical treatment/destr uction/shredding Disposal in land fields
64
NON4NFCCTED WASTE CYtOto»c wastt BLACK stcuqeo RED Auto oeep INFECTtO WASTE oeep Cut BLUE RECYCUA Common treatment Fecility NOTE. USE ANY BIN OTHER THAN BLACK RED. YELLOW. BLUE WHITE FOR DISPOSAL GENERAL WASTE
65
AWARENESS AND EDUCATION 'Organizing seminars 'Workshops 'Practical demonstrations 'Group disscusions 'Lectures
66
CONCLUSION •Thus refuse disposal cannot be solved without public education. • Individual participation is required. • Municipality and government should pay importance to disposal of waste economically. • Thus educating and motivating oneself first is important and then preach others about it. • Start disposing waste first from within your home, then outside home, then neighborhood ,then your street, your area ,city and then the nation and the world. • Lets make this world a better place to live in.
67
Let the waste of the "sick." not contaminate the lives of "'The ffealthy"
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