A pipelined processor uses a 4 stage instruction pipeline with the following stages: Instruction fetch IF, Instruction decode ID, Execute EX and Writeback WB. The arithmatic operations as well as the load and store operations are carried out in the EX sta (2024)

A pipelined processor uses a 4-stage instruction pipeline with the following stages: Instruction fetch (IF), Instruction decode (ID), Execute (EX) and Writeback (WB). The arithmatic operations as well as the load and store operations are carried out in the EX stage. The sequence of instructions corresponding to the statement X = (S - R *(P + Q))/ T is given below. The values of variables P, Q, R, S and T are available in the registers R0, R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively, before the execution of the instruction sequence.

ADD R5, R0, R1 ; R5 R0 + R1

MUL R6, R2, R5 ; R6 R2 + R5

SUB R5, R3, R6 ; R5 R3 - R6

DIV R6, R5, R4 ; R6 R5/R4

STORE R6, X ; X R6

The IF, ID and WB stages take 1 clock cycle each. The EX stage takes 1 clock cycle each for the ADD, SUB and STORE operations, and 3 clock cycles each for MUL and DIV operations. Operand forwarding from the EX stage to the ID stage is used. The number of clock cycles required to complete the sequence of instructions is

A pipelined processor uses a 4 stage instruction pipeline with the following stages: Instruction fetch IF, Instruction decode ID, Execute EX and Writeback WB. The arithmatic operations as well as the load and store operations are carried out in the EX sta (2024)

FAQs

What is a 4-stage pipeline has the stage delays as? ›

A 4-stage pipeline has the stage delay as 150, 120, 160 and 140 ns respectively. Registers that are used between the stages have delay of 5 ns.

What are the 4 steps of instruction execution in pipelining? ›

Consider pipelining to work in the form of a four-stage pipeline:
  1. Instruction Fetch (IF)
  2. Instruction Decode (ID)
  3. Execute (EX)
  4. Write Back (WB)

What is a pipelined processor uses a 4-stage? ›

A pipelined processor uses a 4-stage instruction pipeline with the following stages: Instruction fetch (IF), Instruction decode (ID), Execute (EX) and Writeback (WB).

What are the 5 stages of processor pipeline? ›

The 5 stages being used are Instruction Fetch (IF), Instruction Decode (ID), Execute (EX), Memory (MEM) and Write Back (WB). The instruction set being used is of 32-bits. The various modules being used are Instruction Memory, Data Memory, ALU, Registers etc.

What are the 5 stages of instruction pipeline? ›

Contents
  • 1.1 Instruction fetch.
  • 1.2 Instruction decode.
  • 1.3 Execute.
  • 1.4 Memory access.
  • 1.5 Writeback.

What is a 4 segment pipeline? ›

A four-segment instruction pipeline combines two or more different segments and makes it as a single one. For instance, the decoding of the instruction can be combined with the calculation of the effective address into one segment.

What are pipeline stages? ›

Pipelining combines multiple CPU steps into one process, allowing simultaneous FDX and write steps for different instructions. Each part is called a pipeline stage; the pipeline depth is the number of simultaneous stages that may be completed at once.

What are the pipeline and pipeline stages? ›

Within the pipeline, each task is subdivided into multiple successive subtasks. A pipeline phase is defined for each subtask to execute its operations. Like a manufacturing assembly line, each stage or segment receives its input from the previous stage and then transfers its output to the next stage.

What are the 4 basic steps of instruction? ›

This process (four-step method of instruction) is used to relate the material that is in the lesson plan with the learner. The steps include preparation, presentation, application, and evaluation.

What are the four 4 steps required to complete an instruction? ›

Fetch the instruction. Decode the instruction. Execute the instruction. Memory access (if needed).

What is the correct order of instruction pipeline? ›

Basic five-stage pipeline in a RISC machine (IF = Instruction Fetch, ID = Instruction Decode, EX = Execute, MEM = Memory access, WB = Register write back).

How many stages are there in pipelined processor? ›

Pipelining can be described as a technique in which multiple instructions are overlapped at the time of execution. There are five stages in the pipeline, and all these stages are connected with each other so that they can form a pipe-like structure.

How many stages are there in pipelining? ›

Each stage contains less logic, so it can run faster. This chapter has considered a classic five-stage pipeline, but 10–20 stages are now commonly used. The maximum number of pipeline stages is limited by pipeline hazards, sequencing overhead, and cost. Longer pipelines introduce more dependencies.

What is the fourth stage of 5 stage pipeline? ›

A 5-stage pipelined processor has Instruction Fetch (IF), Instruction Decode (ID), Operand Fetch (OF), Perform Operation (PO) and Write Operand (WO) stages.

What are the steps required for a pipelined processor to process the instruction? ›

Decode the instruction. Calculate the effective address. Fetch the operands from memory. Execute the instruction.

What is pipeline steps? ›

Pipelining is the process of storing and prioritizing computer instructions that the processor executes. The pipeline is a "logical pipeline" that lets the processor perform an instruction in multiple steps. The processing happens in a continuous, orderly, somewhat overlapped manner.

What is the 6 stage pipeline? ›

6-stage pipeline timing diagram, including: Fetch(F), Decode(D), Execute(E), (memory) Access request(A), (memory) Response(R), Write back(W)

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